Isesengura rirambuye rya SMT patch na THT binyuze mumacomeka ya PCBA uburyo butatu bwo gusiga amarangi hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryingenzi!
Nkuko ingano yibigize PCBA iba nto kandi ntoya, ubucucike buba hejuru kandi hejuru;Uburebure bufasha hagati yibikoresho nibikoresho (intera iri hagati ya PCB nubutaka bwubutaka) nabwo buragenda buba buto, kandi ingaruka zibidukikije kuri PCBA nazo ziriyongera.Kubwibyo, dushyira imbere ibisabwa hejuru kubijyanye no kwizerwa kwa PCBA yibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.
1.Ibidukikije nibidukikije
Ibintu bisanzwe bidukikije nkubushuhe, umukungugu, gutera umunyu, ifu, nibindi, bishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye byo kunanirwa kwa PCBA
Ubushuhe
Ibikoresho hafi ya byose bya elegitoroniki PCB mubidukikije byo hanze birashobora guhura na ruswa, muribwo amazi aribwo buryo bwingenzi bwo kwangirika.Molekile y'amazi ni nto bihagije kugirango yinjire mu cyuho cya molekulike ya meshi y'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya polymer hanyuma yinjire imbere cyangwa igere ku cyuma cyimbere binyuze muri pinhole ya coating kugirango itere ruswa.Iyo ikirere kigeze ku butumburuke runaka, birashobora gutera PCB amashanyarazi yimuka, imiyoboro yamenetse hamwe no kugoreka ibimenyetso mumashanyarazi menshi.
Umwuka / ubuhehere + ionic umwanda (umunyu, flux ikora) = electrolytite ikora + imbaraga za voltage = kwimuka kwa electrochemic
Iyo RH mu kirere igeze kuri 80%, hazaba firime yamazi ifite umubyimba wa molekile 5 ~ 20, kandi ubwoko bwose bwa molekile zirashobora kugenda mubuntu.Iyo karubone ihari, amashanyarazi ashobora kubaho.
Iyo RH igeze kuri 60%, urwego rwibikoresho bizakora molekile y'amazi ya 2 ~ 4 ya firime yuzuye amazi, mugihe hari umwanda ushonga, hazabaho reaction ya chimique;
Iyo RH <20% mukirere, ibintu hafi ya byose byangirika birahagarara.
Kubwibyo, kutagira ubushuhe nigice cyingenzi cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa.
Kubikoresho bya elegitoronike, ubuhehere buza muburyo butatu: imvura, kondegene hamwe numwuka wamazi.Amazi ni electrolyte ishonga ubwinshi bwa ion zibora zangiza ibyuma.Iyo ubushyuhe bwigice runaka cyibikoresho buri munsi y "ikime cyikime" (ubushyuhe), hazabaho kondegene hejuru: ibice byubatswe cyangwa PCBA.
Umukungugu
Hano hari umukungugu, umukungugu wamamaza ion umwanda utura imbere mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki kandi bigatera kunanirwa.Iki nikibazo gikunze kunanirwa na elegitoronike murwego.
Umukungugu ugabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: ivumbi rike ni diameter ya microne 2,5 ~ 15 ya mikorobe idasanzwe, mubisanzwe ntabwo izatera amakosa, arc nibindi bibazo, ariko bigira ingaruka kumuhuza;Umukungugu mwiza ni uduce tudasanzwe hamwe na diametero iri munsi ya microne 2.5.Umukungugu mwiza ufite aho uhurira na PCBA (veneer), ushobora gukurwaho gusa na anti-static brush.
Ibyago byumukungugu: a.Bitewe n'umukungugu utuye hejuru ya PCBA, amashanyarazi yangirika, kandi igipimo cyo gutsindwa kiriyongera;b.Umukungugu + ubushuhe + ibicu byumunyu byangiritse cyane kuri PCBA, kandi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byananiranye cyane mu nganda z’imiti n’ahantu hacukurwa amabuye hafi y’inyanja, ubutayu (ubutaka bwa saline-alkali) no mu majyepfo y’umugezi wa Huaihe mugihe cyoroshye kandi igihe cy'imvura.
Kubwibyo, kurinda ivumbi nigice cyingenzi cyibicuruzwa.
Gutera umunyu
Imiterere yumuti wumunyu:Gutera umunyu biterwa nibintu bisanzwe nkumuraba winyanja, imiraba, umuvuduko wikirere (monsoon) umuvuduko, izuba nibindi.Bizatembera imbere mu muyaga n'umuyaga, kandi ubunini bwacyo buzagabanuka intera iri hagati y'inyanja.Mubisanzwe, kwibumbira hamwe kwa spray yumunyu ni 1% yinyanja mugihe ari 1Km uvuye ku nkombe (ariko bizahuha cyane mugihe cya serwakira).
Ingaruka zo gutera umunyu:a.kwangiza igifuniko cy'ibice byubatswe;b.Kwihuta kwumuvuduko wamashanyarazi biganisha kumeneka insinga zicyuma no kunanirwa kwibigize.
Inkomoko isa na ruswa:a.Ibyuya byamaboko birimo umunyu, urea, aside ya lactique nindi miti, bigira ingaruka mbi kubikoresho bya elegitoronike nka spray yumunyu.Kubwibyo, uturindantoki tugomba kwambara mugihe cyo guterana cyangwa gukoreshwa, kandi igipfundikizo ntigomba gukorwaho amaboko yambaye ubusa;b.Hariho halogene na acide muri flux, bigomba gusukurwa hamwe nibisigara byazo bigenzurwa.
Kubwibyo, kwirinda gusasa umunyu nigice cyingenzi cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa.
Ibishushanyo
Mildew, izina risanzwe ryibihumyo, bisobanura "ibihumyo byumye," bikunda gukora mycelium nziza, ariko ntibitanga umubiri munini wera nk'ibihumyo.Ahantu h'ubushyuhe kandi hashyushye, ibintu byinshi bikura kumaso yubusa bimwe mubikoroni bya fuzzy, flocculent cyangwa cobweb bifite ubukoroni, ibyo bikaba bibumbwe.
FIG.5: PCB yoroheje
Ibibi: a.fagocytose yibumba no gukwirakwizwa bituma insulasiyo yibikoresho kama igabanuka, kwangirika no gutsindwa;b.Metabolite yububiko ni acide organic, igira ingaruka kumashanyarazi nimbaraga zamashanyarazi kandi ikabyara amashanyarazi.
Kubwibyo, anti-mold nigice cyingenzi cyibicuruzwa birinda.
Urebye ibice byavuzwe haruguru, ubwizerwe bwibicuruzwa bugomba kuba bwizewe neza, bugomba gutandukanywa n’ibidukikije hanze nkibishoboka, bityo uburyo bwo gutwikira imiterere bukaba bwatangijwe.
Gupfundikira PCB nyuma yo gutwikira, munsi yo kurasa itara ry'umutuku, gutwika umwimerere birashobora kuba byiza cyane!
Ibintu bitatu birwanya irangibivuga gutwikira urwego ruto rukingira hejuru ya PCB.Nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane nyuma yo gusudira nyuma yo gusudira muri iki gihe, rimwe na rimwe bita hejuru yubuso hamwe nuburinganire (izina ryicyongereza: gutwikira, guhuza).Bizatandukanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye biturutse ku bidukikije bikaze, birashobora guteza imbere cyane umutekano n’ubwizerwe bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike kandi bikongerera igihe cyibicuruzwa.Ibintu bitatu birwanya irangi birashobora kurinda umuzenguruko / ibice kubintu bidukikije nkubushuhe, ibyuka bihumanya, kwangirika, guhangayika, guhungabana, guhindagurika kwa mashini hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, mugihe bizamura imbaraga za mashini nibiranga ibicuruzwa.
Nyuma yo gutwikira PCB, kora firime irinda ibintu hejuru, irashobora gukumira neza amazi nubushuhe bwinjira, irinde kumeneka no gutembera bigufi.
2. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gutwikira
Ukurikije ibisabwa na IPC-A-610E (Ikizamini cya elegitoroniki Ikizamini cya elegitoroniki), kigaragarira cyane cyane mu ngingo zikurikira:
Intara
1. Ibice bidashobora gutwikirwa:
Ibice bisaba guhuza amashanyarazi, nkibipapuro bya zahabu, intoki za zahabu, ibyuma binyuze mu mwobo, ibyobo byipimisha;
Bateri na bateri ikosora;
Umuhuza;
Fuse na case;
Igikoresho cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe;
Umugozi usimbuka;
Lens y'igikoresho cyiza;
Potentiometero;
Sensor;
Nta cyuma gifunze;
Ibindi bice aho gutwikira bishobora guhindura imikorere cyangwa imikorere.
2. Ibice bigomba gutwikirwa: abagurisha bose hamwe, pin, ibice hamwe nuyobora.
3. Ahantu hatoranijwe
Umubyimba
Ubunini bupimirwa hejuru, nta nkomyi, yakize hejuru yumuzunguruko wacapwe cyangwa ku isahani ifatanye ikora inzira hamwe nibigize.Ikibaho gifatanye gishobora kuba cyibikoresho bimwe nkibibaho byacapwe cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bidahwitse, nkicyuma cyangwa ikirahure.Ibipimo by'uburebure bwa firime birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkuburyo butemewe bwo gupima uburebure bwikigereranyo, mugihe cyose hari isano ryanditse ryerekana isano iri hagati yubushyuhe bwa firime.
Imbonerahamwe 1: Ubunini buringaniye kuri buri bwoko bwibikoresho
Uburyo bwo gupima ubunini:
1. Igikoresho cyo gupima uburebure bwa firime: micrometero (IPC-CC-830B);b Kuma ya firime yumye igerageza (icyuma)
Igicapo 9. Ibikoresho bya firime byumye
2. Gupima uburebure bwa firime yuzuye: ubunini bwa firime itose irashobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gupima uburebure bwa firime, hanyuma ukabarwa ukurikije igipimo cyibintu bikomeye bya kole
Umubyimba wa firime yumye
Muri FIG.10, umubyimba wa firime itose wabonetse hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa firime itose, hanyuma ubara firime yumye irabaze
Gukemura impande
Ibisobanuro: Mubihe bisanzwe, spray valve spray kumurongo wumurongo ntizigororotse cyane, hazajya habaho burr runaka.Turasobanura ubugari bwa burr nkibisubizo byuruhande.Nkuko bigaragara hano, ubunini bwa d nigiciro cyo gukemura impande zombi.
Icyitonderwa: Gukemura impande zose ni ntoya nibyiza, ariko ibyifuzo byabakiriya bitandukanye ntabwo arimwe, kubwibyo byemezo byateganijwe neza mugihe cyose byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya.
Igishushanyo 11: Kugereranya impande zombi
Ubumwe
Kole igomba kumera nkubunini bumwe hamwe na firime yoroshye kandi ibonerana igaragara mubicuruzwa, hibandwa ku bumwe bwa kole itwikiriye ibicuruzwa hejuru yakarere, noneho, bigomba kuba bifite ubunini bumwe, ntakibazo gihari: gucamo, gutondekanya, imirongo ya orange, umwanda, capillary phenomenon, ibituba.
Igicapo 12: Axial automatic AC series yimashini itwikiriye imashini, uburinganire burahuye
3. Kumenyekanisha uburyo bwo gutwikira
Uburyo bwo gutwikira
1 Itegure
Tegura ibicuruzwa na kole nibindi bintu nkenerwa;
Menya aho kurinda umutekano waho;
Menya ibintu by'ingenzi birambuye
2: Karaba
Bikwiye gusukurwa mugihe gito nyuma yo gusudira, kugirango wirinde gusudira umwanda biragoye kubisukura;
Menya niba umwanda nyamukuru ari polar, cyangwa udafite inkingi, kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho byogusukura;
Niba hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byoza inzoga, ibibazo byumutekano bigomba kwitabwaho: hagomba kubaho amategeko meza yo guhumeka no gukonjesha no gukama nyuma yo gukaraba, kugirango hirindwe ihindagurika risigaye ryatewe no guturika mu ziko;
Isuku y'amazi, hamwe na alkaline yoza amazi (emulsion) yoza flux, hanyuma kwoza n'amazi meza kugirango usukure amazi yoza, kugirango wuzuze ibipimo byogusukura;
3. Kurinda mask (niba nta bikoresho byo gutoranya byatoranijwe bikoreshwa), ni ukuvuga mask;
Ugomba guhitamo firime idafatika ntishobora kwimura kaseti;
Impapuro zirwanya static zigomba gukoreshwa mu kurinda IC;
Ukurikije ibisabwa gushushanya kubikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo gukingira;
4. Kwangiza
Nyuma yo gukora isuku, PCBA ikingiwe (ibice) igomba kubanza gukama no guhanagurwa mbere yo gutwikira;
Menya ubushyuhe / igihe cyo kubanza gukama ukurikije ubushyuhe bwemewe na PCBA (ibice);
PCBA (ibice) irashobora kwemererwa kumenya ubushyuhe / igihe cyameza mbere yo kumisha
5 Ikoti
Inzira yo gutwikira imiterere iterwa nibisabwa kurinda PCBA, ibikoresho bitunganijwe bihari hamwe nububiko bwa tekiniki buriho, ubusanzwe bigerwaho muburyo bukurikira:
a.Koza intoki
Igishushanyo 13: Uburyo bwo koza intoki
Igishishwa cya Brush nigikorwa gikoreshwa cyane, kibereye umusaruro muto, PCBA yubatswe kandi yuzuye, ikeneye gukingira ibisabwa kurinda ibicuruzwa bikaze.Kuberako igikarabiro gishobora kugenzurwa kubuntu, kugirango ibice bitemewe gusiga irangi ntibihumanye;
Igishishwa cya brush gikoresha ibikoresho bike, bikwiranye nigiciro cyo hejuru cyibara ryibice bibiri;
Igikorwa cyo gushushanya gifite ibisabwa byinshi kubakoresha.Mbere yo kubaka, ibishushanyo n'ibisabwa kugira ngo bigomba gutondekwa neza, amazina y'ibigize PCBA agomba kumenyekana, kandi ibice bitemewe gutwikirwa bigomba gushyirwaho ibimenyetso binogeye ijisho;
Abakora ntibemerewe gukora ku icapiro ryacapishijwe amaboko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugirango birinde kwanduza;
b. Shira intoki
Igishushanyo 14: Uburyo bwo gutwika intoki
Igikoresho cyo gushira gitanga ibisubizo byiza byo gutwikira.Igikoresho kimwe, gikomeza gishobora gukoreshwa mubice byose bya PCBA.Igikoresho cyo gutwika ntigikwiranye na PCbas hamwe na capacator zishobora guhindurwa, kuringaniza neza magnetiki, potentiometero, magnetiki yibikombe nkibice bimwe na bimwe bifunze neza.
Ibipimo byingenzi byerekana uburyo bwo gutwika:
Hindura ubwiza bukwiye;
Igenzura umuvuduko PCBA yazamuye kugirango wirinde ibibyimba.Mubisanzwe ntibirenza metero 1 kumasegonda;
c.Gutera
Gutera ni byo bikoreshwa cyane, byoroshye kwakira uburyo bwo gutunganya, bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri bikurikira:
Gutera intoki
Igishushanyo 15: Uburyo bwo gutera intoki
Bikwiranye nakazi katoroshye cyane, biragoye kwishingikiriza kumashanyarazi yibikoresho byumusaruro rusange, nabyo bikwiranye numurongo wibicuruzwa ariko ibintu bike, birashobora guterwa kumwanya wihariye.
Icyitonderwa ku gutera intoki: igihu gisiga irangi ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, nka plug-in ya PCB, IC sock, bimwe byoroshye guhuza hamwe nibice bimwe na bimwe byubutaka, ibi bice bigomba kwitondera ubwizerwe bwokwirinda ubuhungiro.Indi ngingo ni uko uyikoresha adakwiye gukora ku icapiro ryacapishijwe ukuboko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo yirinde kwanduza icyuma gihura.
Sp Gutera mu buryo bwikora
Mubisanzwe bivuga gutera byikora hamwe nibikoresho byatoranijwe.Birakwiye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, guhuzagurika neza, neza, kwangiza ibidukikije bike.Hamwe no kuzamura inganda, kwiyongera kw'ibiciro by'umurimo n'ibisabwa bikomeye byo kurengera ibidukikije, ibikoresho byo gutera byikora bigenda bisimbuza buhoro buhoro ubundi buryo bwo gutwikira.
Hamwe n’ibisabwa byiyongera mu nganda 4.0, intego y’inganda yavuye mu gutanga ibikoresho byo gutwikira bikwiye kugirango ikemure ikibazo cyibikorwa byose.Imashini itoranya yimashini - gutwikira neza kandi nta guta ibikoresho, bikwiranye nubwinshi bwinshi, bikwiranye nubwinshi butatu bwo kurwanya irangi.
Kugereranya kwaimashini itwikiriyenauburyo bwo gutwikira gakondo
Gakondo PCBA yerekana amarangi atatu yerekana irangi:
1) Kuringaniza guswera: hariho ibisebe, imiraba, gukuramo umusatsi;
2) Kwandika: buhoro cyane, ibisobanuro ntibishobora kugenzurwa;
3) Kunyunyuza igice cyose: irangi ryangiza cyane, umuvuduko gahoro;
4) Gutera imbunda gutera: kurinda ibikoresho, gutembera cyane
Imashini itwikiriye:
1) Ingano yo gusiga irangi, umwanya wo gusiga irangi hamwe nubuso byashyizweho neza, kandi nta mpamvu yo kongeramo abantu guhanagura ikibaho nyuma yo gusiga irangi.
2) Bimwe mubikoresho byacometse hamwe nintera nini kuva kumpande yisahani irashobora gushushanywa neza utabanje gushiraho, ukiza abakozi bashiraho amasahani.
3) Nta guhindagurika kwa gaze, kugirango habeho ibidukikije bikora neza.
4) Substrate zose ntizikeneye gukoresha ibikoresho kugirango zipfundikire karubone, bivanaho amahirwe yo kugongana.
5) Imyenda itatu irwanya irangi irangi, itezimbere cyane umusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, ariko kandi wirinde imyanda.
PCBA yikora imashini itatu irwanya amarangi, yashizweho muburyo bwo gutera ibikoresho bitatu birwanya amarangi ibikoresho byo gutera.Kuberako ibikoresho bigomba guterwa hamwe namazi yo gutera akoreshwa biratandukanye, imashini itwikiriye mukubaka ibikoresho byo gutoranya ibikoresho nayo iratandukanye, imashini itatu yo kurwanya irangi ikoresha porogaramu igenzura mudasobwa iheruka, irashobora kumenya guhuza imirongo itatu, icyarimwe gifite ibyuma bifata kamera hamwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana, irashobora kugenzura neza ahantu hateye.
Imashini eshatu zirwanya amarangi, zizwi kandi nka mashini eshatu zirwanya amarangi, imashini eshatu zirwanya amarangi, imashini eshatu zirwanya amavuta, imashini eshatu zirwanya amarangi, ni umwihariko wo kugenzura amazi, hejuru ya PCB bitwikiriwe nuburyo butatu bwo kurwanya irangi, nko gutera akabariro, gutera cyangwa guteranya uburyo bwo gutwikira hejuru ya PCB bitwikiriye urwego rwabafotora.
Nigute wakemura ibihe bishya byibisabwa bitatu byo kurwanya amarangi, byabaye ikibazo cyihutirwa gukemurwa muruganda.Ibikoresho byo gutwikira byikora byerekanwe na mashini yatoranijwe neza izana uburyo bushya bwo gukora,gutwikira neza kandi nta guta ibikoresho, bikwiranye numubare munini wibintu bitatu birwanya irangi.