Ibisobanuro birambuye bya PCBA (harimo inzira yose ya DIP), injira urebe!
"Uburyo bwo kugurisha imiraba"
Kugurisha imiraba muri rusange ni uburyo bwo gusudira kubikoresho byacometse.Ninzira aho uwagurishije amazi yashongeshejwe, abifashijwemo na pompe, akora imiterere yihariye yumudugudu wagurishijwe hejuru yamazi yikigega cyagurishijwe, kandi PCB yibice byinjijwemo inyura mumasoko yabaguzi kumurongo runaka. Inguni hamwe nuburebure bwimbitse kumurongo wohereza kugirango ugere kubagurisha hamwe, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho hepfo.
Ibikorwa rusange bitemba nuburyo bukurikira: kwinjiza ibikoresho - Gutwara imitwaro ya PCB - kugurisha imiraba - gupakurura PCB - Gukuramo pin ya DIP - gusukura, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira.
1.Ikoranabuhanga ryo kwinjiza
1. Gukora ibice bigize pin
Ibikoresho bya DIP bigomba gushirwaho mbere yo gushiramo
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. transistor, intambwe yambere nuguhina pin kumpande zombi zi bumoso n iburyo;Intambwe ya kabiri ni uguhuza pin hagati cyangwa imbere kugirango ushire.Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ikurikira.
2. Shyiramo ibice
Binyuze mu mwobo wo kwinjiza umwobo ugabanijwemo intoki no kwinjiza ibikoresho bya mashini byikora
.Ntugakore ku bikoresho by'ibikoresho hamwe na fayili y'umuringa ku isahani yo gucapa mu gihe winjizamo.
.Kwishyiriraho ibikoresho bya mashini byikora bigomba kubanza gushiramo ibyo bice bifite uburebure buke, hanyuma ugashyiraho ibyo bice bifite uburebure buri hejuru.Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa byanyuma.Kwishyiriraho ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza rack, bracket, clip, nibindi bigomba kuba hafi yuburyo bwo gusudira.Inteko ikurikirana yibice bya PCB irerekanwa mumashusho akurikira.
3. Kugurisha imiraba
(1) Ihame ryakazi ryo kugurisha imiraba
Kugurisha imiraba ni ubwoko bwikoranabuhanga rigizwe nuburyo bwihariye bwumudandaza wagurishijwe hejuru yuwagurishije amazi yashizwemo hakoreshejwe igitutu cya pompe, kandi ugakora ahantu hagurishwa mugace kogosha pin mugihe ibice byinteko byinjijwemo nibice byanyuze mubagurisha. Umuhengeri ku nguni ihamye.Ibigize byabanje gushyukwa muri mashini yo gusudira imashini isusurutsa mugihe cyo kohereza na convoyeur (ibice bishyushya hamwe nubushyuhe bugomba kugerwaho biracyagenzurwa nubushyuhe bwateganijwe mbere).Mu gusudira nyirizina, mubisanzwe birakenewe kugenzura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwubuso bwibigize, kuburyo ibikoresho byinshi byongewemo ibikoresho byerekana ubushyuhe (nka disiketi ya infragre).Nyuma yo gushyushya, inteko ijya mumashanyarazi yo gusudira.Ikigega cy'amabati kirimo ugurisha ibicuruzwa byashongeshejwe, kandi nozzle hepfo yikigega cyicyuma isuka icyuma gifatika cyumubyimba wagurishijwe, kuburyo mugihe iyo gusudira hejuru yikintu kinyuze mumuraba, gishyuha numugurisha , hamwe nuwagurishije nayo igabanya ubuso bwo gusudira kandi ikaguka kugirango yuzuze, amaherezo igera kubikorwa byo gusudira.Ihame ryakazi ryayo ryerekanwa mumashusho hepfo.
Kugurisha imiraba ikoresha ihame ryo kohereza ubushyuhe kugirango ushushe ahantu ho gusudira.Umuyoboro wagurishijwe ushonga ukora nkubushyuhe, kuruhande rumwe rutemba rwo gukaraba ahantu ho gusudira pin, kurundi ruhande narwo rufite uruhare rwo gutwara ubushyuhe, kandi ahantu ho gusudira pin hashyushye muriki gikorwa.Kugirango hamenyekane neza ko ahantu ho gusudira hashyuha, umuraba ugurisha ubusanzwe ufite ubugari runaka, kuburyo iyo ubuso bwo gusudira bwibintu byanyuze mumuraba, habaho gushyuha bihagije, gutose, nibindi.Mugurisha gakondo gakondo, umuraba umwe ukoreshwa muri rusange, kandi umuraba urasa neza.Hamwe no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bigurisha, kuri ubu byemewe muburyo bwa kabiri.Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ikurikira.
Ipine yibigize itanga inzira kubagurisha kwibira mucyuma cyanyuze mu mwobo muburyo bukomeye.Iyo pin ikora ku cyuma cyagurishijwe, uwagurishije amazi azamuka hejuru yurukuta rwumwobo akoresheje impagarara.Igikorwa cya capillary ya metallised binyuze mumyobo itezimbere kugurisha kuzamuka.Umugurisha amaze kugera kuri pcB ya PcB, irakwirakwira munsi yuburemere bwubuso bwa padi.Umugurisha uzamuka akuramo gaze nu mwuka uva mu mwobo, bityo ukuzuza umwobo hanyuma ugakora umugurisha nyuma yo gukonja.
(2) Ibice byingenzi bigize imashini yo gusudira
Imashini yo gusudira umuraba igizwe ahanini n'umukandara wa convoyeur, umushyushya, ikigega cy'amabati, pompe, hamwe nigikoresho cya flux (cyangwa spray).Igabanijwe cyane mubice byongeweho flux, zone preheating, zone yo gusudira na zone ikonje, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho akurikira.
3. Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yo kugurisha imiraba no gusudira gusudira
Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yo kugurisha imiraba hamwe no gusudira gusudira ni uko isoko yo gushyushya nuburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa muri welding bitandukanye.Mu kugurisha imiraba, uwagurishije abanza gushyuha no gushonga mu kigega, kandi umuyaga ugurisha wakozwe na pompe ugira uruhare runini rwamasoko no gutanga ibicuruzwa.Umuhengeri wagurishijwe ushushe ashyushya imyobo, amakariso, hamwe nibice bya PCB, mugihe unatanga umugurisha ukenewe kugirango uhuze abagurisha.Mu kugurisha ibicuruzwa, kugurisha (paste paste) byateganijwe mbere yo gusudira kwa PCB, kandi uruhare rwamasoko yubushyuhe mugihe cyo kugaruka ni ukongera gushonga uwagurishije.
(1) 3 Intangiriro yo gutoranya inzira yo kugurisha
Ibikoresho byo kugurisha imiraba byavumbuwe mu myaka irenga 50, kandi bifite ibyiza byo gukora neza cyane n’umusaruro munini mu gukora ibice byacukuwe ndetse n’ibibaho by’umuzunguruko, ku buryo byahoze ari ibikoresho by’ingenzi byo gusudira mu buryo bwikora bwikora ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.Ariko, hari aho bigarukira mubikorwa byayo: (1) ibipimo byo gusudira biratandukanye.
Guhuza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kubibaho bimwe byumuzunguruko birashobora gusaba ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusudira bitewe nibiranga bitandukanye (nkubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, umwanya wa pin, ibisabwa byinjira mumabati, nibindi).Nyamara, ibiranga kugurisha imiraba ni ukurangiza gusudira ingingo zose zagurishijwe ku kibaho cyose cyumuzunguruko munsi yikigereranyo kimwe, bityo ingingo zitandukanye zigurisha zigomba "gutuza" hagati yazo, bigatuma kugurisha imiraba bigoye guhura neza no gusudira. ibisabwa ku mbaho zuzuza ubuziranenge;
(2) Amafaranga menshi yo gukora.
Mubikorwa bifatika byo kugurisha imiraba gakondo, isahani yose itera flux hamwe no kubyara amabati bizana amafaranga menshi yo gukora.Cyane cyane iyo gusudira kutagira isasu, kubera ko igiciro cy’umugurisha udafite isasu kirenze inshuro 3 uwagurishije amasasu, kwiyongera kw'ibikorwa byo guterwa n'amabati biratangaje cyane.Byongeye kandi, umugurisha udafite isasu akomeje gushonga umuringa kuri padi, kandi ibigize uwagurishije muri tin silinderi bizahinduka mugihe, bisaba ko hongerwaho buri gihe amabati meza na feza ihenze kugirango bikemuke;
(3) Kubungabunga no kubungabunga ibibazo.
Ibisigisigi bisigaye mubikorwa bizaguma muri sisitemu yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, kandi amabati yatanzwe agomba gukurwaho buri gihe, ibyo bikaba bizana ibikoresho bigoye byo kubungabunga no kubungabunga ibikoresho kubakoresha;Kubera izo mpamvu, kugurisha imiyoboro yatoranijwe yabayeho.
Ibyo bita PCBA yatoranije kugurisha kugurisha iracyakoresha itanura ryambere ryamabati, ariko itandukaniro nuko ikibaho gikeneye gushyirwa mubitwara amabati, aribyo dukunze kuvuga kubyerekeye itanura, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho hepfo.
Ibice bisaba kugurisha imiraba noneho bigaragazwa n'amabati, ibindi bice bikarindwa no kwambika ibinyabiziga, nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo.Ibi ni nkaho gushira ubuzima bwubuzima muri pisine, ahantu hapfukiranwa nubuzima bwubuzima ntibuzabona amazi, kandi bugasimbuzwa amashyiga y amabati, ahantu hapfukiranwa n imodoka mubisanzwe ntabwo hazabona amabati, kandi hazabaho ntakibazo cyo kongera gushonga amabati cyangwa kugwa ibice.
"Binyuze mu mwobo wo gusudira"
Binyuze mu mwobo wo gusudira ni uburyo bwo gusudira bwo gusubiramo ibice, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora amasahani yo guteranya hejuru arimo amacomeka make.Intangiriro yikoranabuhanga nuburyo bwo gukoresha paste paste.
1. Intangiriro
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha paste yagurishijwe, binyuze mu gusudira mu mwobo bishobora kugabanywamo amoko atatu: gucapa imiyoboro binyuze mu buryo bwo gusudira umwobo, kugurisha ibicuruzwa byacishijwe mu buryo bwo gusudira umwobo no kubumba amabati binyuze mu nzira yo gusudira.
1) Icapiro ryimyanya binyuze muburyo bwo gusudira
Icapiro ryibicu binyuze muburyo bwo gusudira umwobo nuburyo bwambere bwo gukoresha binyuze mu mwobo ugaragaza uburyo bwo gusudira, bukoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora ibara rya tereviziyo ya TV.Intangiriro yibikorwa ni ugurisha paste tubular kanda, inzira irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo.
2) Solder paste icapisha binyuze muburyo bwo gusudira
Solder paste icapisha binyuze muburyo bwo gusudira umwobo kuri ubu niyo ikoreshwa cyane binyuze muburyo bwo gusudira umwobo, cyane cyane ikoreshwa kuri PCBA ivanze irimo umubare muto wamacomeka, inzira irahuza rwose nuburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira, nta bikoresho byihariye byo gutunganya bisabwa, icyangombwa gusa nuko ibice byasuditswe bigomba kuba bikwiranye no gusudira umwobo, inzira irerekanwa mumashusho akurikira.
3) Kubumba amabati ukoresheje inzira yo gusudira
Amabati yabumbabumbwe binyuze mu mwobo wo gusudira mu mwobo akoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza imiyoboro myinshi, uwagurishije ntabwo agurisha paste ahubwo ni amabati yabumbabumbwe, muri rusange n’umushinga uhuza wongeyeho, inteko irashobora gushyuha gusa.
Binyuze mu mwobo wo gusubiramo ibisabwa
1.PCB ibisabwa
(1) Birakwiriye kubyimbye bya PCB munsi cyangwa bingana na 1.6mm.
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(3) Ibigize icyuho kitari munsi (Guhagarara) bigomba kuba birenze 0.3mm
(4) Uburebure bukwiye bw'isasu buva kuri padi ni 0,25 ~ 0,75mm.
(5) Intera ntarengwa hagati yimyanya myiza nka 0603 na padi ni 2mm.
(6) Gufungura ntarengwa kwicyuma gishobora kwagurwa na 1.5mm.
(7) Aperture ni diametre iyobora wongeyeho 0.1 ~ 0.2mm.Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ikurikira.
"Icyuma gifungura idirishya ry'icyuma"
Muri rusange, kugirango ugere ku kuzuza 50% umwobo, idirishya ryicyuma rigomba kwagurwa, umubare wihariye wo kwaguka hanze ugomba kugenwa ukurikije ubunini bwa PCB, ubunini bwicyuma, icyuho kiri hagati yumwobo nuyoboye n'ibindi bintu.
Muri rusange, mugihe cyose kwaguka kutarenze 2mm, paste yo kugurisha izasubizwa inyuma hanyuma yuzure mu mwobo.Twabibutsa ko kwaguka hanze bidashobora guhagarikwa nigikoresho cyibikoresho, cyangwa bigomba kwirinda umubiri wapanze, hanyuma ugakora isaro y'amabati kuruhande rumwe, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho akurikira.
"Intangiriro kuri gahunda isanzwe y'Inteko ya PCBA"
1) Kuzamuka kuruhande rumwe
Inzira igenda irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo
2) Kwinjiza uruhande rumwe
Inzira igenda irerekanwa mumashusho 5 hepfo
Gukora ibipapuro byibikoresho mugucuruza imiraba nikimwe mubice bidakorwa neza muburyo bwo gukora, ibyo nabyo bizana ibyago byo kwangirika kwa electrostatike kandi bikongerera igihe cyo gutanga, kandi bikongera amahirwe yo kwibeshya.
3) Gushiraho impande ebyiri
Inzira igenda irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo
4) Uruhande rumwe ruvanze
Inzira igenda irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo
Niba hari ibice bike byanyuze mu mwobo, gusubiramo gusudira no gusudira intoki birashobora gukoreshwa.
5) Kuvanga impande ebyiri
Inzira igenda irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo
Niba hari ibikoresho byinshi-bibiri bya SMD nibikoresho bya THT bike, ibikoresho byo gucomeka birashobora guhinduka cyangwa gusudira intoki.Imbonerahamwe yerekana inzira irerekanwa hepfo.
