Urumva amategeko abiri ya PCB yashushanyije?
- 1. Buri murongo unyuramo ugomba kuba ufite icyerekezo cyegeranye (gutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa gushiraho);
- 2.Imbaraga nyamukuru zegeranye nubutaka bigomba kubikwa intera ntoya kugirango bitange ubushobozi bunini bwo guhuza;
Ibikurikira nurugero rwibice bibiri kugeza kumirongo umunani:
- A.uruhande rumwe PCB ikibaho hamwe na PCB impande zombi
Kubice bibiri, kubera ko umubare wibice ari muto, ntakibazo cyo kumurika.Igenzura rya imirasire ya EMI rifatwa cyane cyane kuva insinga n'imiterere;
Ibyuma bya electromagnetic bihuza imwe - layer na double - plaque igenda irushaho kugaragara.Impamvu nyamukuru yibi bintu ni uko agace kerekana ibimenyetso ari binini cyane, bidatanga gusa imirasire ikomeye ya electromagnetique, ahubwo binatuma uruziga rwumva ibintu bitavanze.Inzira yoroshye yo kunoza electromagnetic ihuza umurongo ni ukugabanya agace kerekana ibimenyetso bikomeye.
Ikimenyetso gikomeye: Urebye kubijyanye na electromagnetic ihuza, ibimenyetso bikomeye byerekeza cyane cyane ku kimenyetso gitanga imirasire ikomeye kandi cyunvikana ku isi.Ibimenyetso bishobora kubyara imirasire ikomeye mubisanzwe ni ibimenyetso byigihe, nkibimenyetso bike byamasaha cyangwa aderesi.Kwivanga ibimenyetso byoroshye nibyo bifite urwego rwo hasi rwibimenyetso bisa.
Isahani imwe na kabiri isanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo buke bwo kwigana munsi ya 10KHz:
1) Hindura insinga z'amashanyarazi kumurongo umwe muburyo bwa radiyo, hanyuma ugabanye igiteranyo cyuburebure bwimirongo;
2) Iyo ugenda amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, hafi yundi;Shyira umugozi wubutaka hafi yurufunguzo rwibimenyetso hafi bishoboka.Rero, agace gato kazengurutswe kandi ibyiyumvo byimirasire itandukanye yo gutandukana bigabanuka.Iyo umugozi wubutaka wongeyeho kuruhande rwikimenyetso, hashyirwaho uruziga rufite agace gato, kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bigomba kunyuzwa muri uyu muzingi aho kuba iyindi nzira yubutaka.
3) Niba ari ikibaho cyibice bibiri byumuzunguruko, birashobora kuba kurundi ruhande rwumuzunguruko, hafi yumurongo wikimenyetso munsi, ukurikije umwenda wumurongo wikimenyetso umugozi wubutaka, umurongo mugari bishoboka.Agace k'umuzunguruko kavuye kangana nubunini bwikibaho cyizunguruka cyikubye uburebure bwumurongo wibimenyetso.
- B. Kumurika ibice bine
1. Sig-gnd (PWR) -PWR (GND) -SIG;
2. GND-SIG (PWR) -SIG (PWR) -GND;
Kuri ibyo bishushanyo byombi byashizwemo, ikibazo gishobora kuba hamwe nuburinganire bwa plaque 1.6mm (62mil).Umwanya utandukanijwe uzaba munini, ntabwo bifasha gusa kugenzura inzitizi, guhuza imikoranire no gukingira;By'umwihariko, intera nini hagati yo gutanga amashanyarazi igabanya ubushobozi bwa plaque kandi ntabwo ifasha muyungurura urusaku.
Kuri gahunda yambere, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa mugihe cyumubare munini wa chip kurubaho.Iyi gahunda irashobora kubona imikorere myiza ya SI, ariko imikorere ya EMI ntabwo ari nziza cyane, igenzurwa cyane cyane ninsinga nibindi bisobanuro.Icyitonderwa cyibanze: Imiterere ishyirwa mubice byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso byinshi cyane, bifasha kwinjiza no guhagarika imirasire;Ongera isahani kugirango ugaragaze amategeko ya 20H.
Kuri gahunda ya kabiri, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa aho ubwinshi bwa chip ku kibaho buri hasi bihagije kandi hari ahantu hahagije hafi ya chip kugirango hashyirwe ingufu zumuringa zisabwa.Muri iyi gahunda, urwego rwo hanze rwa PCB ni urwego rwose, naho hagati ibice bibiri ni ibimenyetso / imbaraga.Amashanyarazi kumurongo wibimenyetso ayobowe numurongo mugari, ushobora gutuma inzira ibangamira amashanyarazi atangwa, kandi inzitizi yinzira ya microstrip yinzira nayo iri hasi, kandi irashobora no gukingira imirasire yimbere imbere binyuze hanze urwego.Uhereye kuri EMI igenzura, iyi niyo nziza ya 4-layer PCB iboneka.
Icyitonderwa cyingenzi: hagati yibice bibiri byerekana ibimenyetso, imbaraga zivanga intera intera igomba gufungurwa, icyerekezo cyumurongo kirahagaritse, irinde kunyura;Agace gakwiye kugenzura, kagaragaza amategeko 20H;Niba inzitizi zinsinga zigomba kugenzurwa, witonze ushire insinga munsi yizinga ryumuringa ryamashanyarazi nubutaka.Byongeye kandi, gutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa gushyira umuringa bigomba guhuzwa uko bishoboka kwose kugirango DC ihuze na frequency nke.
- C. Kumurika ibice bitandatu
Kubishushanyo mbonera ya chip ndende hamwe nisaha ndende, igishushanyo mbonera cyibice 6 bigomba kwitabwaho.Uburyo bwo kumurika burasabwa:
1.SIG-GND-SIG-PWR-GND-SIG;
Kuri iyi gahunda, gahunda yo kumurika igera ku bimenyetso byiza byerekana ibimenyetso, hamwe nicyapa cyerekana ibimenyetso byegeranye nubutaka, urwego rwingufu zahujwe nubutaka, inzitizi ya buri cyiciro gishobora kugenzurwa neza, kandi ibice byombi bishobora gukurura imirongo ya magneti neza .Mubyongeyeho, irashobora gutanga inzira nziza yo kugaruka kuri buri kimenyetso cyerekana uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi yuzuye no gushingwa.
2. GND-SIG-GND-PWR-SIG-GND;
Kuri iyi gahunda, iyi gahunda ireba gusa mugihe aho ubucucike bwibikoresho butari hejuru cyane.Uru rupapuro rufite ibyiza byose byo murwego rwo hejuru, kandi indege yubutaka yo hejuru no hepfo iruzuye, irashobora gukoreshwa nkurwego rwiza rwo gukingira.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ingufu zigomba kuba hafi yurwego rutari indege nyamukuru, kuko indege yo hepfo izaba yuzuye.Kubwibyo, imikorere ya EMI iruta gahunda yambere.
Incamake: Kuri gahunda yibibaho bitandatu, intera iri hagati yimbaraga nubutaka igomba kugabanuka kugirango ibone imbaraga nziza hamwe nubutaka.Nubwo, nubwo isahani yuburebure bwa 62mil hamwe nintera iri hagati yabagabanutse, biracyagoye kugenzura intera iri hagati yimbaraga nyamukuru nubutaka buto cyane.Ugereranije na gahunda ya mbere na gahunda ya kabiri, ikiguzi cya gahunda ya kabiri cyiyongereye cyane.Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe duhitamo inzira yambere mugihe dushyizeho.Mugihe cyo gushushanya, kurikiza amategeko 20H namategeko yindorerwamo.
- D. Kumurika ibice umunani
1,Due kubushobozi buke bwa electromagnetic yo kwinjiza no gukomera kwingufu, ubu ntabwo arinzira nziza yo kumurika.Imiterere yacyo niyi ikurikira:
1.Icyapa cya 1 kigizwe hejuru, microstrip wiring layer
2.Signal 2 imbere ya microstrip yoguhuza inzira, icyerekezo cyiza (X icyerekezo)
3. Impamvu
4.Signal 3 Strip umurongo uyobora umurongo, icyerekezo cyiza (Y icyerekezo)
5.Icyapa cya 4 Cable routing layer
6.Imbaraga
7.Signal 5 imbere ya microstrip wiring layer
8.Icyapa cya 6 Microstrip wiring layer
2. Ni variant yuburyo bwa gatatu bwo gutondeka.Bitewe no kongeramo ibyerekezo, bifite imikorere myiza ya EMI, kandi impedance iranga buri kimenyetso gishobora kugenzurwa neza
1.Icyapa cya 1 kigizwe hejuru, microstrip wiring layer, icyuma cyiza
2.Ibice byubutaka, imbaraga nziza zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi
3.Icyapa 2 Cable routing layer.Inzira nziza ya kabili
4.Imbaraga zingufu, hamwe ninzego zikurikira zigizwe na electromagnetic nziza cyane yo kwinjiza 5.Ibice byubutaka
6.Icyapa cya 3 Cable routing layer.Inzira nziza ya kabili
7.Gushiraho imbaraga, hamwe nimbaraga nini
8.Icyapa cya 4 Microstrip kabili.Umugozi mwiza
3,Tuburyo bwiza bwo gutondekanya uburyo, kuberako ikoreshwa ryindege nyinshi zubutaka zifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjiza geomagnetic.
1.Icyapa cya 1 kigizwe hejuru, microstrip wiring layer, icyuma cyiza
2.Ibice byubutaka, imbaraga nziza zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi
3.Icyapa 2 Cable routing layer.Inzira nziza ya kabili
4.Imbaraga zingufu, hamwe ninzego zikurikira zigizwe na electromagnetic nziza cyane yo kwinjiza 5.Ibice byubutaka
6.Icyapa cya 3 Cable routing layer.Inzira nziza ya kabili
7.Ibice byubutaka, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjiza amashanyarazi
8.Icyapa cya 4 Microstrip kabili.Umugozi mwiza
Guhitamo ibice byinshi byo gukoresha nuburyo bwo gukoresha ibice biterwa numubare wibimenyetso byerekana imiyoboro, ubwinshi bwibikoresho, ubucucike bwa PIN, inshuro zerekana ibimenyetso, ingano yubuyobozi nibindi bintu byinshi.Tugomba kuzirikana ibi bintu.Umubare munini wibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, niko ubucucike bwibikoresho, niko ubucucike bwa PIN, niko inshuro nyinshi zerekana ibimenyetso bigomba kwakirwa kure hashoboka.Kubikorwa byiza bya EMI nibyiza kwemeza ko buri kimenyetso cyerekana icyerekezo cyacyo.
