Capacitor nigikoresho gikunze gukoreshwa mugushushanya kwumuzunguruko, nikimwe mubice bigize pasiporo, igikoresho gikora ni nkenerwa gusa imbaraga (amashanyarazi) isoko yigikoresho cyitwa igikoresho gikora, nta mbaraga (amashanyarazi) isoko yigikoresho nigikoresho cya pasiporo .
Uruhare no gukoresha ubushobozi bwa capacator muri rusange ni ubwoko bwinshi, nka: uruhare rwa bypass, decoupling, filter, ububiko bwingufu; Mu kurangiza kunyeganyega, guhuza hamwe ninshingano yigihe gihoraho.
Dc kwigunga: Igikorwa nukurinda DC kunyuramo no kureka AC ikanyuramo.
Bypass (decoupling): Itanga inzira-impedance yinzira kubintu bimwe bisa mubice bya AC.
Ubushobozi bwa Bypass: Ubushobozi bwa bypass, buzwi kandi nka decoupling capacitor, ni ibikoresho bibika ingufu bitanga ingufu kubikoresho. Ikoresha inshuro nyinshi impedance iranga capacitor, ibiranga inshuro nziza ya capacitori nziza uko inshuro ziyongera, impedance iragabanuka, kimwe nicyuzi, irashobora gutuma ibisohoka biva mumashanyarazi bisa, bikagabanya ihindagurika ryumuvuduko wumutwaro. Umuyoboro wa bypass ugomba kuba wegereye ibishoboka byose kugirango amashanyarazi atangwe hamwe nubutaka bwibikoresho byimizigo, aribyo bisabwa.
Mugihe ushushanya PCB, witondere byumwihariko ko mugihe gusa yegereye igice gishobora guhagarika ubutumburuke bwubutaka hamwe n urusaku biterwa na voltage ikabije cyangwa ibindi byohereza ibimenyetso. Kubivuga mu buryo bweruye, ibice bigize AC bitanga amashanyarazi bihujwe no gutanga amashanyarazi binyuze muri capacitor, bigira uruhare mu kweza amashanyarazi ya DC. C1 nubushobozi bwa bypass mubishushanyo bikurikira, kandi igishushanyo kigomba kuba hafi bishoboka kuri IC1.
Umuyoboro wa decoupling: Umuyoboro wa decoupling ni ukubangamira ibimenyetso bisohoka nkibikoresho byo kuyungurura, capacitor ya decoupling ihwanye na bateri, gukoresha amafaranga yayo no gusohora, kugirango ikimenyetso cyongerewe kitazahungabanywa no guhindura ihinduka ryubu . Ubushobozi bwayo buterwa ninshuro yikimenyetso hamwe nurwego rwo guhagarika imvururu, kandi capacitor ya decoupling ni ugukina uruhare rwa "bateri" kugirango uhuze nimpinduka zumuzunguruko wumuriro kandi wirinde kwivanga hagati yabo.
Ububiko bwa bypass mubyukuri ntibuhujwe, ariko capacitor ya bypass mubisanzwe yerekeza kumurongo mwinshi cyane, ni ukuvuga kunoza urusaku rwinshi rwo guhinduranya urusaku rwinzira yo kurekura. Ubushobozi bwo hejuru-bypass capacitance muri rusange ni nto, kandi resonant yumurongo muri rusange ni 0.1F, 0.01F, nibindi. impinduka mumashanyarazi agezweho.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yabo: bypass nugushungura intambamyi mubimenyetso byinjira nkikintu, kandi decoupling nugushungura intambamyi mubimenyetso bisohoka nkibintu kugirango wirinde ibimenyetso byabangamira gusubira mumashanyarazi.
Guhuza: Gukora nkumuhuza hagati yinzira ebyiri, kwemerera ibimenyetso bya AC kunyura no koherezwa kumurongo ukurikira.
Ubushobozi bukoreshwa nkibintu bifatanye kugirango wohereze ibimenyetso byambere mubyiciro byanyuma, no guhagarika ingaruka zumuyoboro wambere utaziguye kumurongo wanyuma, kuburyo gukemura ibibazo byumuzunguruko byoroshye kandi imikorere irahagaze. Niba amplificateur ya AC idahinduka idafite capacitor, ariko aho ikorera murwego rwose igomba guhindurwa bundi bushya, bitewe ningaruka zimbere ninyuma, gukemura ikibazo cyakazi biragoye cyane, kandi ntibishoboka kubigeraho kuri inzego nyinshi.
Akayunguruzo: Ibi nibyingenzi cyane kumuzunguruko, capacitor inyuma ya CPU mubyukuri uru ruhare.
Nukuvuga, uko inshuro nyinshi f, ntoya impedance Z ya capacitor. Iyo inshuro nke, capacitance C kubera ko impedance Z ari nini, ibimenyetso byingirakamaro birashobora kugenda neza; Kumuvuduko mwinshi, capacitor C isanzwe ari nto cyane kubera impedance Z, ihwanye n-urusaku rugufi-rukwirakwiza urusaku rwinshi kuri GND.
Akayunguruzo k'ibikorwa: ubushobozi bwiza, nini nini, ubushobozi buke, impedance ntoya, ninshuro nyinshi zo gutambuka. Ubushobozi bwa electrolytike muri rusange burenze 1uF, ifite igice kinini cya inductance, bityo impedance izaba nini nyuma yumurongo mwinshi. Dukunze kubona ko rimwe na rimwe hari capacitance nini ya capacitori ya electrolytike ya capacitori ihwanye na capacitor ntoya, mubyukuri, capacitor nini binyuze mumurongo muke, ubushobozi buke binyuze mumurongo mwinshi, kugirango ushungure byuzuye imirongo miremire kandi mike. Iyo inshuro nyinshi za capacitori, niko kwiyongera kwinshi, capacator imeze nkicyuzi, ibitonyanga bike byamazi ntibihagije kugirango habeho impinduka nini muri yo, nukuvuga ko ihindagurika rya voltage atari igihe cyiza iyo voltage irashobora gukubitwa.
Igicapo C2 Indishyi zubushuhe: Kunoza ituze ryumuzunguruko wishyura ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe budahagije bwibindi bice.
Isesengura: Kuberako ubushobozi bwa capacitori yigihe bugena inshuro zinyeganyega zumurongo wa oscillator, ubushobozi bwa capacitori yigihe gisabwa guhagarara neza kandi ntibihinduka hamwe nihinduka ryubushuhe bwibidukikije, kugirango bikore inshuro zinyeganyega za umurongo uhindagurika. Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwa coefficient nziza kandi mbi ikoreshwa muburyo bubangikanye kugirango huzuzwe ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gukora buzamutse, ubushobozi bwa C1 buriyongera, mugihe ubushobozi bwa C2 bugabanuka. Ubushobozi bwuzuye bwa capacator ebyiri murwego rumwe ni igiteranyo cyubushobozi bwa capacator ebyiri. Kubera ko ubushobozi bumwe bwiyongera mugihe ubundi bugenda bugabanuka, ubushobozi bwose ntabwo bwahindutse. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo ubushyuhe bwagabanutse, ubushobozi bwa capacitor imwe buragabanuka naho ubundi bukiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwose ntibusanzwe budahinduka, butuma inshuro zinyeganyega kandi bugera ku ntego yo kwishyura ubushyuhe.
Igihe: capacitor ikoreshwa ifatanije na résistor kugirango umenye igihe gihoraho cyumuzunguruko.
Iyo ibimenyetso byinjira bisimbutse kuva hasi kugeza hejuru, umuzunguruko wa RC winjiza nyuma yo gukuramo 1. Ibiranga kwishyurwa rya capacitor bituma ibimenyetso kuri point B bidahita bisimbuka nibimenyetso byinjira, ariko bifite inzira yo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Iyo binini bihagije, buffer 2 ihindagurika, bikavamo gutinda gusimbuka kuva hasi kugera hejuru kumusaruro.
Igihe gihoraho: Gufata urukurikirane rusanzwe rwa RC rwuzuzanya nkurugero, mugihe ibyinjijwe byerekana ibimenyetso bya voltage byashyizwe kumpera yinjiza, voltage kuri capacitor irazamuka buhoro buhoro. Umuyagankuba uragabanuka hamwe no kuzamuka kwa voltage, résistoriste R na capacitor C bihujwe murukurikirane rwinjiza VI, hamwe nibisohoka V0 biva muri capacitor C, mugihe agaciro ka RC (τ) hamwe ninjiza kwaduka kwaduka ubugari tW guhura: τ “tW”, uyu muzunguruko witwa uruziga rwuzuye.
Kuringaniza: Guhuza gahunda yumuzunguruko uterwa na terefone, nka terefone ngendanwa, amaradiyo, na televiziyo.
Kuberako amajwi ya rezanant yumuzunguruko wa IC yahinduwe numuzunguruko numurimo wa IC, dusanga ko igipimo ntarengwa na minisiteri ntoya ya resonant yumurongo wumuzunguruko utandukana numuzi wa kare ya capacitance ratio. Ikigereranyo cya capacitance hano cyerekeza ku kigereranyo cya capacitance mugihe reaction ya bias bias ihindagurika cyane kuri capacitance mugihe voltage bias ihindagurika. Kubwibyo, guhuza ibiranga umurongo wumuzingi (bias-resonant frequency) ni parabola.
Ikosora: Kuzimya cyangwa kuzimya igice cyafunzwe cyumuyobozi uhindura mugihe cyagenwe.
Kubika ingufu: Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi kurekura igihe bibaye ngombwa. Nka kamera ya kamera, ibikoresho byo gushyushya, nibindi
Muri rusange, imashanyarazi ya electrolytike izaba ifite uruhare rwo kubika ingufu, kububiko bwihariye bwo kubika ingufu, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za capacitif ni ubushobozi bubiri bwamashanyarazi hamwe nubushobozi bwa Faraday. Imiterere yingenzi ni ububiko bwimbaraga za supercapacitor, aho supercapacator ari capacator zikoresha ihame ryibice bibiri byamashanyarazi.
Iyo voltage ikoreshwa ishyizwe kumasahani abiri ya supercapacitor, electrode nziza ya plaque ibika amafaranga meza, naho plaque mbi ikabika umuriro mubi, nkuko bisanzwe mubushobozi busanzwe. Munsi yumuriro wamashanyarazi wakozwe numuriro kuri plaque ebyiri za supercapacitor, ikinyuranyo kinyuranyo gikozwe mumirongo iri hagati ya electrolyte na electrode kugirango uhuze umurima w'amashanyarazi w'imbere wa electrolyte.
Iyishyurwa ryiza hamwe nuburyo bubi butunganijwe muburyo butandukanye kurwego rwo guhuza hagati yibyiciro bibiri bitandukanye hamwe n’ikinyuranyo gito cyane hagati yumuriro mwiza kandi mubi, kandi iki gipimo cyo gukwirakwiza cyiswe amashanyarazi abiri, bityo ubushobozi bwamashanyarazi ni bunini cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2023
