Mugihe tuganira ku kugurisha ibicuruzwa, dukeneye kubanza gusobanura neza inenge ya SMT. Amabati y'amabati aboneka ku isahani yagaruwe, kandi urashobora kubireba ukareba ko ari umupira munini w'amabati winjijwe muri pisine ya flux ishyizwe iruhande rw'ibice bya disiketi bifite uburebure buke cyane, nk'uburwanya bw'impapuro na capacator, buke udupapuro duto duto (TSOP), tristoriste ntoya (SOT), transistor ya D-PAK, hamwe ninteko yo kurwanya. Kubera umwanya wabo ujyanye nibi bice, amasaro y'amabati bakunze kwita "satelite".
Amabati y'amabati ntabwo agira ingaruka gusa ku kugaragara kw'ibicuruzwa, ariko cyane cyane, bitewe n'ubucucike bw'ibigize ku isahani yacapwe, hari akaga ko kuzenguruka umurongo mugufi mu gihe cyo gukoresha, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Hariho impamvu nyinshi zituma habaho amasaro y amabati, akenshi biterwa nimpamvu imwe cyangwa nyinshi, tugomba rero gukora akazi keza ko gukumira no kunoza kugirango tuyigenzure neza. Ingingo ikurikira izaganira ku bintu bigira ingaruka ku musaruro w’amabati hamwe n’ingamba zo kugabanya umusaruro w’amabati.
Kuki amasaro y'amabati abaho?
Muri make, amabati y'amabati ubusanzwe afitanye isano no kugurisha paste nyinshi cyane, kubera ko idafite "umubiri" kandi igahunikwa munsi yibice kugirango ibe amasaro, kandi kwiyongera kwimiterere yabyo bishobora guterwa no kwiyongera kwimikoreshereze yogejwe. -umugurisha. Iyo chip yibikoresho yashizwe mumashanyarazi yogejwe, paste yo kugurisha birashoboka cyane kunyunyuza munsi yibigize. Iyo ibicuruzwa byabitswe byabitswe ari byinshi cyane, biroroshye gukuramo.
Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka kumusaruro wamabati ni:
(1) Gufungura icyitegererezo no gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera
(2) Isuku ry'icyitegererezo
(3) Gusubiramo neza kwimashini
(4) Ubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka bwitanura
(5) Umuvuduko ukabije
(6) kugurisha paste ubwinshi hanze yisafuriya
(7) Uburebure bwamabati
(8) Kurekura gaze ibintu bihindagurika mumurongo wumurongo hamwe no kugurisha ibicuruzwa
(9) Bifitanye isano na flux
Inzira zo gukumira umusaruro wamabati:
(1) Hitamo ibishushanyo mbonera bya padiri hamwe nubunini bwubunini. Mu gishushanyo mbonera cya padi, kigomba guhuzwa na PC, hanyuma ukurikije ubunini bwibikoresho bifatika, ingano yo gusudira, kugirango ushushanye ubunini bwa padi.
(2) Witondere kubyara ibyuma bishya. Birakenewe guhindura ingano yo gufungura ukurikije imiterere yihariye yubuyobozi bwa PCBA kugirango ugenzure umubare wacapwe wa paste paste.
. Kugirango umenye neza ko ubushuhe bwo hejuru ku isahani yagurishijwe bwakuweho kugirango weldable.
(4) Kunoza ireme ryogusukura inyandikorugero. Niba isuku idafite isuku. Ibicuruzwa bisigaye bisigaye munsi yicyitegererezo cyo gufungura bizarundarunda hafi yicyitegererezo cyo gufungura no gukora paste nyinshi yo kugurisha, bitera amabati.
(5) Kugira ngo ibikoresho bisubirwemo. Iyo ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe byacapwe, bitewe no guhagarika hagati yicyitegererezo na padi, niba offset ari nini cyane, paste yo kugurisha izashyirwa hanze ya padi, kandi amasaro y'amabati azagaragara byoroshye nyuma yo gushyushya.
(6) Kugenzura umuvuduko wimashini ya mashini. Niba uburyo bwo kugenzura igitutu bwometse, cyangwa kugenzura ubugari bwibigize, Igenamiterere rigomba guhinduka kugirango wirinde amabati.
(7) Hindura neza umurongo w'ubushyuhe. Igenzura ubushyuhe bwo gusudira gusudira, kugirango umusemburo ushobora guhindagurika kumurongo mwiza.
Ntukarebe "satelite" ni nto, umuntu ntashobora gukururwa, gukurura umubiri wose. Hamwe na elegitoroniki, satani akunze kuba muburyo burambuye. Kubwibyo, usibye kwitabwaho nabakozi bashinzwe gutunganya umusaruro, inzego zibishinzwe nazo zigomba gufatanya cyane, no kuvugana nabakozi bashinzwe gutunganya mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu, gusimburwa nibindi bibazo kugirango hirindwe impinduka mubintu byatewe nimpinduka zifatika. Igishushanyo mbonera gishinzwe igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB kigomba kandi kuvugana nabakozi bashinzwe inzira, bakareba ibibazo cyangwa ibyifuzo byatanzwe nabakozi bashinzwe inzira kandi bikabatezimbere bishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2024
