Kuki wiga igishushanyo mbonera cyamashanyarazi
Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni igice cyingenzi cyibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, igishushanyo mbonera cy’umuriro w'amashanyarazi gifitanye isano itaziguye n'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa.
Itondekanya ry'amashanyarazi
Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'ibicuruzwa byacu bya elegitoronike harimo cyane cyane umurongo w'amashanyarazi hamwe n'umurongo mwinshi wo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Muri théorie, umurongo utanga amashanyarazi nuburyo bugezweho umukoresha akeneye, ibyinjijwe bizatanga umubare wubu; Guhindura amashanyarazi nuburyo imbaraga umukoresha akeneye, nimbaraga zitangwa kumpera yanyuma.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyumurongo utanga amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho byumurongo wumurongo bikora muburyo bumwe, nkibisanzwe dukoresha amashanyarazi ya voltage LM7805, LM317, SPX1117 nibindi. Igishushanyo 1 hepfo ni igishushanyo mbonera cya LM7805 cyagenwe n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Igishushanyo 1 Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gutanga amashanyarazi kumurongo
Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo ko amashanyarazi atangwa agizwe nibice bikora nko gukosora, kuyungurura, kugenzura ingufu za voltage no kubika ingufu. Muri icyo gihe, amashanyarazi rusange atangwa ni urukurikirane rw'amashanyarazi agenga amashanyarazi, ibisohoka bisohoka bingana n'ibyinjira byinjira, I1 = I2 + I3, I3 ni iherezo ryerekana, ikigezweho ni gito cyane, bityo I1≈I3 . Ni ukubera iki dushaka kuvuga kubyerekeranye nubu, kubera ko igishushanyo cya PCB, ubugari bwa buri murongo ntabwo bwashizweho, ni ukugenwa ukurikije ubunini bwikigezweho hagati yumutwe mubishushanyo. Ingano iriho nubu bigenda bigomba kuba bisobanutse kugirango ikibaho kibe cyiza.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashanyarazi PCB igishushanyo
Mugihe cyo gutegura PCB, imiterere yibigize igomba kuba yoroheje, amahuza yose agomba kuba mugufi ashoboka, kandi ibice n'imirongo bigomba gushyirwaho ukurikije isano ikora yibice bishushanyo. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gutanga amashanyarazi nicyo cyambere cyo gukosora, hanyuma kuyungurura, kuyungurura ni amabwiriza ya voltage, amabwiriza ya voltage nubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu, nyuma yo kunyura muri capacitori kumashanyarazi akurikira.
Igishushanyo cya 2 nigishushanyo cya PCB igishushanyo mbonera cyavuzwe haruguru, kandi ibishushanyo byombi birasa. Ishusho yibumoso nishusho iburyo biratandukanye gato, amashanyarazi mumashusho yibumoso ahita yerekeza kumaguru yinjiza ya voltage igenzura chip nyuma yo gukosorwa, hanyuma capacitori ya voltage, aho filteri ya capacitor iba mbi cyane , n'ibisohoka nabyo ni ikibazo. Ishusho iburyo ni nziza. Ntidukwiye gutekereza gusa ku kibazo cyikibazo cyo gutanga amashanyarazi meza, ahubwo tugomba no gutekereza ku kibazo cyo gusubira inyuma, muri rusange, umurongo mwiza w'amashanyarazi n'umurongo wo gusubira inyuma bigomba kuba hafi ya buri wese ashoboka.
Igishushanyo 2 Igishushanyo cya PCB cyo gutanga amashanyarazi
Mugihe dushushanya amashanyarazi atangwa kumurongo PCB, dukwiye kandi kwitondera ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa chip igenzura amashanyarazi ya chip yumurongo wumuriro, uko ubushyuhe buza, niba voltage igenzura chip imbere ni 10V, ibisohoka ni 5V, nibisohoka ni 500mA, noneho hariho 5V ya voltage igabanuka kuri chip igenzura, kandi ubushyuhe butangwa ni 2.5W; Niba ibyinjira byinjira ari 15V, igitonyanga cya voltage ni 10V, nubushyuhe butangwa ni 5W, kubwibyo, dukeneye gushyira ku ruhande umwanya uhagije wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe cyangwa ubushyuhe bukwiye ukurikije imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Amashanyarazi aringaniye akoreshwa mubisanzwe aho itandukaniro ryumuvuduko riba rito naho ikigezweho ni gito, bitabaye ibyo, nyamuneka koresha amashanyarazi.
Umuvuduko mwinshi wo guhinduranya amashanyarazi utanga uruziga urugero
Guhindura amashanyarazi ni ugukoresha umuzenguruko kugirango ugenzure umuyoboro woguhindura umuvuduko mwinshi kuri-kuzimya no guhagarikwa, kubyara imiyoboro ya PWM, binyuze muri inductor hamwe na diode ikomeza, gukoresha ikoreshwa rya electromagnetic ihindura inzira yo kugenzura voltage. Guhindura amashanyarazi, gukora neza, ubushyuhe buke, muri rusange dukoresha uruziga: LM2575, MC34063, SP6659 nibindi. Mubyigisho, guhinduranya amashanyarazi birangana kumpande zombi zumuzunguruko, voltage iringaniye, kandi ikigezweho iringaniye.
Igishushanyo cya 3 Igishushanyo mbonera cya LM2575 guhinduranya amashanyarazi
Igishushanyo cya PCB cyo guhindura amashanyarazi
Mugihe utegura PCB yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, birakenewe ko witondera: iyinjizwa ryumurongo wibitekerezo hamwe na diode ikomeza kuri bo ni bo bahoraho bahabwa. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3, iyo U1 ifunguye, I2 iriho yinjira muri inductor L1. Ikiranga inductor ni uko iyo ikigezweho kinyuze muri inductor, ntigishobora kubyara gitunguranye, cyangwa ntigishobora gucika gitunguranye. Guhindura ibigezweho muri inductor bifite igihe cyigihe. Mubikorwa byumuvuduko wa I2 unyura muri inductance, zimwe mumbaraga zamashanyarazi zihindurwamo ingufu za magneti, kandi numuyoboro ugenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro, mugihe runaka, umuzenguruko U1 uzimya I2, bitewe nibiranga inductance, the ikigezweho ntigishobora gucika gitunguranye, muriki gihe diode ikora, ifata I2 iriho ubu, nuko yitwa ikomeza ya diode ikomeza, birashobora kugaragara ko diode ikomeza ikoreshwa muri inductance. Umuyoboro uhoraho I3 utangirira kumpera mbi ya C3 hanyuma ugatembera mumpera nziza ya C3 unyuze kuri D1 na L1, ibyo bikaba bihwanye na pompe, ukoresheje ingufu za inductor kugirango wongere imbaraga za capacitor C3. Hariho kandi ikibazo cyo kwinjiza ingingo yo gusubiza umurongo wa voltage yo gutahura, igomba kugaburirwa gusubira nyuma yo kuyungurura, naho ubundi ibisohoka bya voltage ripple bizaba binini. Izi ngingo zombi zikunze kwirengagizwa nabenshi mubashushanya PCB, batekereza ko umuyoboro umwe utameze hariya, mubyukuri, aho hantu ntabwo ari kimwe, kandi ingaruka zikorwa ni nziza. Igishushanyo 4 nigishushanyo cya PCB cya LM2575 yo guhindura amashanyarazi. Reka turebe ibitagenda neza ku gishushanyo kitari cyo.
Igishushanyo 4 Igishushanyo cya PCB cya LM2575 guhinduranya amashanyarazi
Ni ukubera iki dushaka kuvuga ku ihame ry'ibishushanyo birambuye, kubera ko igishushanyo kirimo amakuru menshi ya PCB, nk'ahantu ho kugera kuri pin yibigize, ingano y'ubu y'urusobekerane, n'ibindi, reba igishushanyo mbonera, PCB ntabwo ari ikibazo. Inzira ya LM7805 na LM2575 yerekana imiterere isanzwe yumuzunguruko wumurongo utanga amashanyarazi no guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Mugihe ukora PCBS, imiterere nu nsinga zibi bishushanyo byombi bya PCB biri kumurongo, ariko ibicuruzwa biratandukanye kandi ikibaho cyumuzunguruko kiratandukanye, gihindurwa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.
Impinduka zose ntizishobora gutandukana, ihame rero ryumuriro wamashanyarazi nuburyo ikibaho kimeze, kandi nibicuruzwa byose bya elegitoronike ntibishobora gutandukana numuriro wumuriro nizunguruka, kubwibyo rero, wige imirongo ibiri, iyindi nayo irasobanutse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2023
