Ikinyabiziga gikomoka kuri peteroli gikenera chip zigera kuri 500 kugeza kuri 600, kandi imodoka zigera ku 1.000 zivanze n’umucyo, imashini ya plug -in hamwe n’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bisukuye bisaba byibura chip 2000.
Ibi bivuze ko mugikorwa cyiterambere ryihuse ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite ubwenge, ntabwo icyifuzo cyibikoresho bigezweho byakomeje kwiyongera, ariko kandi no gukenera chip gakondo bizakomeza kwiyongera. Iyi ni MCU. Usibye kwiyongera k'umubare w'amagare, umugenzuzi wa domaine azana kandi ibyifuzo bishya byumutekano muke, kwizerwa cyane, hamwe nimbaraga zo kubara MCU.
MCU, MicroController Unit, izwi nka microcomputer imwe / microcontroller / microcomputer imwe, ihuza CPU, kwibuka, hamwe nibikorwa bya peripheri kuri chip imwe kugirango ikore chip -level mudasobwa ifite imikorere yo kugenzura. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango igere ku gutunganya ibimenyetso no kugenzura. Intangiriro ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge.
MCU na electronics yimodoka, inganda, mudasobwa numuyoboro, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi, ibikoresho byo murugo hamwe na interineti yibintu bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubuzima bwacu. Imodoka ya Electronics nisoko rinini mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kandi electronique yimodoka igera kuri 33% kwisi yose.
Imiterere ya MCU
MCU igizwe cyane cyane na CPU itunganya hagati, kwibuka (ROM na RAM), ibyinjira nibisohoka I / O Imigaragarire, icyambu, seriveri, nibindi.
CPU: Igice cyo gutunganya hagati, gutunganya hagati, nicyo kintu cyibanze imbere muri MCU. Ibigize ibice birashobora kurangiza imibare yimibare yimikorere, gutunganya biti bihinduka, hamwe nigikorwa cyo kohereza amakuru. Ibice bigenzura bihuza imirimo ukurikije igihe runaka gikurikiranye kugirango dusesengure kandi dusohoze amabwiriza.
ROM: Gusoma-Kwibuka gusa ni porogaramu yibuka ikoreshwa mu kubika porogaramu zanditswe n'ababikora. Amakuru asomwa muburyo budasenya. Ibyingenzi
RAM. Porogaramu irashobora kwandikwa no gusomwa umwanya uwariwo wose iyo ikora, isanzwe ikoreshwa nkububiko bwigihe gito bwo kubika amakuru kuri sisitemu y'imikorere cyangwa izindi porogaramu zikoresha.
Isano iri hagati ya CPU na MCU:
CPU niyo ntandaro yo kugenzura imikorere. Usibye CPU, MCU irimo na ROM cyangwa RAM, ikaba chip -level chip. Ibisanzwe ni SOC (Sisitemu Kuri Chip), bita sisitemu -ibikoresho bya sisitemu bishobora kubika no gukoresha sisitemu -urwego rwiza, gukoresha QNX, Linux hamwe nubundi buryo bukora, harimo ibice byinshi bitunganya (CPU + GPU + DSP + NPU + ububiko + Imigaragarire).
Imibare ya MCU
Umubare werekana ubugari bwa MCU buri makuru yatunganijwe. Umubare munini wimibare, imbaraga za MCU zo gutunganya amakuru. Kugeza ubu, icy'ingenzi ni imibare 8, 16, na 32, muri yo 32 bits zifite byinshi kandi zikura vuba.
Mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki yimodoka, igiciro cya 8 -bit MCU ni gito kandi byoroshye kwiteza imbere. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura, nk'itara, amazi y'imvura, amadirishya, intebe, n'inzugi. Nyamara, kubintu byinshi bigoye, nko kwerekana ibikoresho, sisitemu yamakuru yimyidagaduro yimodoka, sisitemu yo kugenzura ingufu, chassis, sisitemu yo gufasha gutwara, nibindi, cyane cyane 32 -bit, hamwe nihindagurika ryihinduranya ryamashanyarazi, ubwenge, hamwe numuyoboro, imbaraga zo kubara ibisabwa kuri MCU nabyo biragenda byiyongera.
MCU kwemeza imodoka
Mbere yuko utanga MCU yinjira muri sisitemu yo gutanga amasoko ya OEM, muri rusange birakenewe ko yuzuza ibyemezo bitatu byingenzi: icyiciro cyo gushushanya kigomba gukurikiza amahame yumutekano ISO 26262, icyiciro cyo gutembera no gupakira kigomba gukurikiza AEC-Q001 ~ 004 na IATF16949, nkuko kimwe no mugihe cyo gupima ibyemezo Kurikiza AEC-Q100 / Q104.
Muri byo, ISO 26262 isobanura inzego enye z'umutekano za ASIL, kuva hasi kugeza hejuru, A, B, C, na D; AEC-Q100 igabanijwemo inzego enye zo kwizerwa, kuva hasi kugeza hejuru, 3, 2, 1, na 0, kimwe, 3, 2, 1, na 0 Ibyingenzi Icyemezo cya AEC-Q100 muri rusange gifata imyaka 1-2, mugihe Icyemezo cya ISO 26262 kiragoye kandi cycle ni ndende.
Ikoreshwa rya MCU mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi
Ikoreshwa rya MCU mu nganda zimodoka ni nini cyane. Kurugero, imbonerahamwe yimbere ni porogaramu ivuye mubikoresho byumubiri, sisitemu yingufu, chassis, imyidagaduro yamakuru yimodoka, hamwe no gutwara ubwenge. Mugihe cyigihe cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite ubwenge, abantu bakeneye ibicuruzwa bya MCU bizarushaho gukomera.
Amashanyarazi:
1. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri BMS: BMS ikeneye kugenzura amafaranga no gusohora, ubushyuhe, hamwe no kuringaniza bateri. Ubuyobozi bukuru bugenzura MCU, kandi buri mugaragu wa konsole nayo isaba MCU imwe;
2.Umugenzuzi w'imodoka VCU.
3.Umugenzuzi wa moteri / umugenzuzi wa gearbox: gusimbuza ububiko, kugenzura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kugenzura MCU ubundi moteri yimodoka ya moteri. Bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri, kugabanya bigomba kwihuta. Umugenzuzi wa gare.
Ubwenge:
1. Kugeza ubu, isoko ryimodoka zo murugo riracyari murwego rwa L2 rwihuta cyane. Uhereye kubiciro byuzuye no gutekereza kubikorwa, OEM yongera imikorere ya ADAS iracyafite imyubakire yagabanijwe. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwipakurura, MCU yo gutunganya amakuru ya sensor nayo yiyongera uko bikwiye.
2. Bitewe numubare wiyongera wimikorere ya cockpit, uruhare rwibikoresho bishya byingufu bigenda birushaho kuba ngombwa, kandi imiterere ya MCU ihuye nayo yagabanutse.
Ubukorikori
MCU ubwayo ifite ibyingenzi byibanze kububasha bwo kubara kandi ntabwo ifite ibisabwa byinshi mubikorwa byiterambere. Mugihe kimwe, yubatswe -mu yashyizwemo ububiko ubwabwo nabwo bugabanya iterambere rya MCU. Koresha inzira ya 28nm hamwe nibicuruzwa bya MCU. Ibisobanuro byamabwiriza yimodoka ni 8 -imashini ya waferi. Bamwe mubakora, cyane cyane IDM, batangiye guhindurwa kuri 12 -inch.
Kugeza ubu 28nm na 40nm inzira nisoko nyamukuru yisoko.
Ibigo bisanzwe murugo no hanze
Ugereranije nogukoresha hamwe ninganda -kuzamura MCUs, imodoka -level MCU ifite ibisabwa byinshi mubijyanye nibidukikije bikora, kwizerwa no kuzenguruka. Mubyongeyeho Biragoye kwinjira, kuburyo imiterere yisoko ya MCU yibanze cyane muri rusange. Mu 2021, amasosiyete atanu ya mbere ya MCU ku isi yari afite 82%.
Kugeza ubu, imodoka yigihugu cyanjye -cyiza MCU iracyari mugihe cyo kumenyekanisha, kandi urwego rutanga isoko rufite amahirwe menshi kubutaka no guhinduranya igihugu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2023
