1 Intangiriro
Mu iteraniro ryumuzunguruko, paste yo kugurisha yacapishijwe ku cyicaro cyumuzunguruko mbere yo kugurisha, hanyuma hagashyirwaho ibice bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki. Hanyuma, nyuma yo gutanura itanura, amasaro yamabati muri paste yagurishijwe arashonga kandi ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike hamwe nuwagurishije ikibaho cyumuzunguruko arasudira hamwe kugirango amenye iteraniro ryamashanyarazi. surfacemounttechnology (sMT) ikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bipfunyika cyane, nkibikoresho byo murwego rwa sisitemu (siP), ibikoresho bya ballgridarray (BGA), hamwe nimbaraga zambaye Chip, kare kare pin-idafite pake (quad aatNo-lead, bita QFN ) igikoresho.
Bitewe nibiranga uburyo bwo gusudira paste yo kugurisha hamwe nibikoresho, nyuma yo gusudira kugaruza ibyo bikoresho binini bigurishwa, hazaba imyobo ahantu hasudira kugurisha, bizagira ingaruka kumashanyarazi, kumiterere yubushyuhe hamwe nubukanishi bwibicuruzwa Performance, na ndetse biganisha no kunanirwa kubicuruzwa, kubwibyo rero, kunoza icyuma cya paste cyerekana ibicuruzwa byo gusudira byahindutse inzira nikibazo cya tekiniki kigomba gukemuka, abashakashatsi bamwe basesenguye baniga ibitera BGA kugurisha umupira wo gusudira, kandi batanga ibisubizo byiterambere, uwagurishije bisanzwe. paste reflow yo gusudira inzira yo gusudira ya QFN irenze 10mm2 cyangwa ahantu ho gusudira kurenza 6 mm2 ya chip yambaye ubusa irabuze.
Koresha gusudira kwa Preformsolder na vacuum reflux itanura kugirango utezimbere umwobo. Ugurisha ibicuruzwa bisaba ibikoresho byihariye kugirango yerekane flux. Kurugero, chip irahagarikwa kandi ihengamye cyane nyuma yuko chip ishyizwe kumurongo ugurisha. Niba flux mount chip iragaruka hanyuma ikerekana ingingo, inzira yiyongera kubisubiramo bibiri, kandi ikiguzi cyibicuruzwa byabigenewe hamwe nibikoresho bya flux biri hejuru cyane kurenza paste yagurishijwe.
Ibikoresho bya Vacuum birahenze cyane, ubushobozi bwa vacuum bwicyumba cyigenga cyigenga ni gito cyane, imikorere yikiguzi ntabwo iri hejuru, kandi ikibazo cyo kumena amabati kirakomeye, kikaba ari ikintu cyingenzi mugukoresha ubucucike bwinshi kandi buto-buto ibicuruzwa. Muri iyi nyandiko, hashingiwe ku buryo busanzwe bwo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo kugurisha, hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwo gusudira bwa kabiri bwo gusudira no gutangiza uburyo bwo kunoza umwobo wo gusudira no gukemura ibibazo byo guhuza no gufunga kashe ya plastike biterwa no gusudira.
2 Solder paste icapa ibyerekana byerekana gusudira hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora
2.1 Gusudira
Nyuma yo gusudira kugaruka, ibicuruzwa byageragejwe munsi ya x-ray. Ibyobo byo muri zone yo gusudira bifite ibara ryoroheje wasangaga biterwa n’umugurisha udahagije murwego rwo gusudira, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1
X-ray gutahura umwobo
2.2 Uburyo bwo gushiraho umwobo wo gusudira
Dufashe urugero rwa sAC305 rwagurishijwe nkurugero, ibyingenzi nibikorwa byingenzi bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1. Amasaro ya flux na tin ahujwe hamwe muburyo bwa paste. Umubare wuburemere bwamabati yagurishijwe na flux ni 9: 1, naho ingano yubunini ni 1: 1.
Nyuma yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe hanyuma bigashyirwaho nibikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoronike, paste yo kugurisha izanyura mubyiciro bine byo gushyushya, gukora, kugaruka no gukonjesha iyo inyuze mu itanura ryongeye. Imiterere yuwagurishije paste nayo iratandukanye nubushyuhe butandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.
Umwirondoro werekana kuri buri gace ko kugurisha
Mu cyiciro cyo gushyushya no gukora, ibice bihindagurika muri flux muri paste yagurishijwe bizahinduka gaze iyo bishyushye. Muri icyo gihe, imyuka izakorwa igihe oxyde iri hejuru yurwego rwo gusudira ikuweho. Bimwe muri ibyo byuka bizahinduka hanyuma bigasiga paste yabagurishije, kandi amasaro yuwagurishije azaba yegeranye cyane kubera guhindagurika kwa flux. Mu cyiciro cyo kugaruka, flux isigaye muri paste yagurishijwe izashira vuba, amasaro yamabati azashonga, gazi nkeya ya flux ihindagurika kandi umwuka mwinshi uri hagati yamasaro y'amabati ntuzatatana mugihe, naho ibisigara muri amabati yashongeshejwe kandi munsi yuburemere bwamabati yashongeshejwe ni imiterere ya hamburger sandwich kandi ifatwa ninama yumuzunguruko wumuzunguruko hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike, kandi gaze ipfunyitse mumabati y'amazi biragoye guhunga gusa na buoyancy yo hejuru Igihe cyo gushonga kiri hejuru cyane ngufi. Iyo amabati yashongeshejwe akonje hanyuma ahinduka amabati akomeye, imyenge igaragara mu cyiciro cyo gusudira hanyuma hacukurwa imyobo yo kugurisha, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyubusa cyakozwe nuwagurishije paste yerekana gusudira
Intandaro yo gusudira umwobo ni uko umwuka cyangwa gaze ihindagurika ipfunyitse muri paste yagurishijwe nyuma yo gushonga ntabwo isohoka rwose. Ibintu bigira ingaruka zirimo kugurisha paste ibikoresho, kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo kugurisha, kugurisha ibicuruzwa byanditse, ubushyuhe bwo kugaruka, igihe cyo kugaruka, ingano yo gusudira, imiterere nibindi.
3. Kugenzura ibintu bigira ingaruka kubagurisha paste icapura ibyerekanwa byo gusudira
Ibizamini bya QFN na chip byambaye ubusa byakoreshejwe kugirango hemezwe impamvu nyamukuru zitera gusudira ubusa, no gushakisha uburyo bwo kunoza imyanda yo gusudira ibyapa byacapishijwe na paste paste. QFN hamwe na chip yambaye ubusa kugurisha paste yerekana ibicuruzwa byerekana ibicuruzwa byerekanwe mubishusho 4, ubunini bwa WFN bwo gusudira ni 4.4mmx4.1mm, ubuso bwo gusudira ni amabati (amabati meza 100%); Ingano yo gusudira ya chip yambaye ubusa ni 3.0mmx2.3mm, urwego rwo gusudira ruvanze nikel-vanadium bimetallic, naho hejuru ni vanadium. Ikibaho cyo gusudira cya substrate cyari nikel-palladium idafite amashanyarazi, kandi umubyimba wari 0.4μm / 0.06μm / 0.04μm. Ikoreshwa rya SAC305 rikoreshwa, ibikoresho byo gucapa paste yo kugurisha ni DEK Horizon APix, ibikoresho byo mu itanura rya reflux ni BTUPyramax150N, naho ibikoresho bya x-ray ni DAGExD7500VR.
QFN n'ibishushanyo byambaye ubusa byo gusudira
Kugirango boroherezwe kugereranya ibisubizo byikizamini, gusudira gusubiramo byakozwe mubihe biri mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Kugaragaza imbonerahamwe yo gusudira
Nyuma yo gusudira hejuru no gusudira gusudira birangiye, urwego rwo gusudira rwamenyekanye na X-ray, basanga hari umwobo munini murwego rwo gusudira hepfo ya QFN na chip yambaye ubusa, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5.
QFN na Chip Hologram (X-ray)
Kubera ubunini bw'amabati, ubunini bw'icyuma, uburebure bwahantu hafunguye, imiterere y'icyuma, igihe cyo kugaruka hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura byose bizagira ingaruka ku cyuho cyo gusudira, hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka, bizagenzurwa neza n'ikizamini cya DOE, n'umubare w'ubushakashatsi amatsinda azaba manini cyane. Birakenewe kugenzura byihuse no kumenya ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka mugupimisha kugereranya, hanyuma ukarushaho kunoza ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri DOE.
3.1 Ingano yimyobo yagurishijwe hamwe nuwagurisha paste amabati
Hamwe nubwoko3 (ubunini bwamasaro 25-45 μ m) SAC305 igurisha paste igeragezwa, ibindi bintu ntibihinduka. Nyuma yo kugaruka, umwobo uri murwego rwagurishijwe urapimwa kandi ugereranije nubwoko bwa 4 bwo kugurisha. Usanga umwobo uri murwego rwabagurisha udatandukanye cyane hagati yubwoko bubiri bwa paste yagurishijwe, byerekana ko paste yuwagurishije ifite ubunini bwamasaro atandukanye nta ngaruka zigaragara zigaragara kumyobo iri murwego rwabagurishije, ntabwo arikintu gikomeye, nkuko bigaragara muri FIG. 6 Nkuko bigaragara.
Kugereranya ibyuma byamabati ya pine yubunini hamwe nubunini butandukanye
3.2 Ubunini bwurwobo rwo gusudira hamwe nicyuma cyanditse
Nyuma yo kugaruka, agace kavunitse k'urwego rwasuditswe gupimwa hamwe nicyuma cyacapishijwe icyuma gifite uburebure bwa 50 mm, 100 mkm na 125 mm, kandi ibindi bintu ntibyigeze bihinduka. Byagaragaye ko ingaruka zubunini butandukanye bwicyuma (kugurisha paste) kuri QFN cyagereranijwe nicy'icyuma cyacapishijwe icyuma cyanditseho ubugari bwa 75 mkm Mugihe ubunini bwicyuma cyicyuma cyiyongera, agace kavunitse gahoro gahoro gahoro gahoro. Nyuma yo kugera ku mubyimba runaka (100μm), agace kavunitse kazahindukira kandi gatangira kwiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwubunini bwicyuma cya meshi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 7.
Ibi birerekana ko iyo umubare wibicuruzwa byagurishijwe byiyongereye, amabati yamazi hamwe na flux yatwikiriwe na chip, kandi isohoka ryumuyaga usigaye riba rito gusa kumpande enye. Iyo ingano ya paste yagurishijwe ihinduwe, isohoka ryumuyaga usigaye nawo uriyongera, kandi guhita guturika kwumwuka wiziritse mumabati yamazi cyangwa gaze ihindagurika ihunga amabati y'amazi bizatera amabati y'amazi kumeneka hafi ya QFN na chip.
Ikizamini cyerekanye ko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe bwa meshi y’icyuma, guturika kwinshi guterwa no guhunga umwuka cyangwa gaze ihindagurika nabyo biziyongera, kandi amahirwe yo kuba amabati ameneka hafi ya QFN na chip nayo aziyongera uko bikwiye.
Kugereranya ibyobo mumashanyarazi yicyuma gitandukanye
3.3 Ikigereranyo cyubuso bwo gusudira no gufungura meshi
Icyuma cyacapishijwe icyuma gifungura igipimo cya 100%, 90% na 80% cyarageragejwe, kandi ibindi bintu ntibyigeze bihinduka. Nyuma yo kugaruka, agace kavunitse k'urwego rwasuditswe karapimwe kandi ugereranije na meshi yacapwe hamwe nicyuma cyo gufungura 100%. Byagaragaye ko nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaye mu cyuho cy’urwego rwasudwe mu bihe by’igipimo cyo gufungura 100% na 90% 80%, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8.
Kugereranya ubuvumo butandukanye bwo gufungura ibyuma bitandukanye
3.4 Umuyoboro wasuditswe hamwe nicyuma cyashushanyije
Hamwe nimyandikire yimiterere yikigereranyo cya bagurisha paste ya b b hamwe na grid c ihindagurika, ibindi bintu ntibihinduka. Nyuma yo kugaruka, agace ka cavity k'urwego rwo gusudira karapimwe kandi ugereranije nuburyo bwo gucapa bwa gride a. Byagaragaye ko nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri mu cyuho cyo gusudira mu bihe bya gride, umurongo na gride yegeranye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 9.
Kugereranya ibyobo muburyo butandukanye bwo gufungura ibyuma bya mesh
3.5 Gusudira cavit hamwe nigihe cyo kugaruka
Nyuma yigihe kinini cyo kugaruka (70 s, 80 s, 90 s), ibindi bintu ntibihinduka, umwobo murwego rwo gusudira wapimwe nyuma yo kugaruka, kandi ugereranije nigihe cyo kugaruka kwa 60 s, byagaragaye ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwa igihe cyo kugaruka, umwanya wo gusudira wagabanutse, ariko kugabanuka kwa amplitude byagabanutse buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwigihe, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10. Ibi birerekana ko mugihe cyigihe cyo kugaruka kidahagije, kongera igihe cyo kugaruka bifasha kwuzura kwuzuye kwumwuka bipfunyitse mu mabati y'amazi yashongeshejwe, ariko nyuma yigihe cyo kugaruka cyiyongera mugihe runaka, umwuka wizingiye mumabati y'amazi biragoye kongera kurengerwa. Igihe cyo kugaruka nikimwe mubintu bigira ingaruka kumyanda yo gusudira.
Kugereranya ubusa kubihe bitandukanye byo kugaruka
3.6 Ubudodo bwo gusudira hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura
Hamwe na 240 ℃ na 250 ℃ igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura n’ibindi bintu bidahindutse, agace kavukire k’urwego rwasuditswe gupimwa nyuma yo kugaruka, kandi ugereranije n’ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura rya 260 ℃, byagaragaye ko mu bihe bitandukanye by’ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura, ubuvumo bwa urwego rwo gusudira rwa QFN na chip ntabwo rwahindutse cyane, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 11. Irerekana ko ubushyuhe bw’itanura butandukanye butagira ingaruka zigaragara kuri QFN nu mwobo uri murwego rwo gusudira rwa chip, ntabwo ari ibintu bigira ingaruka.
Kugereranya ubusa ubushyuhe butandukanye
Ibizamini byavuzwe haruguru byerekana ko ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumasemburo ya QFN na chip ni igihe cyo kugaruka hamwe nubunini bwicyuma.
4 Solder paste icapura ryerekana gusudira cavity kunoza
4.1GUKORA ikizamini kugirango utezimbere gusudira
Umwobo uri murwego rwo gusudira rwa QFN na chip byatejwe imbere mugushakisha agaciro keza kubintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka (igihe cyo kugaruka hamwe nubugari bwicyuma cya mesh). Ikarita yagurishijwe yari ubwoko bwa SAC3054, imiterere ya mesh yicyuma yari ubwoko bwa gride (dogere 100% yo gufungura), ubushyuhe bwitanura bwimpanuka bwari 260 and, nibindi bihe byo kwipimisha byari bimeze nkibikoresho byo kwipimisha. GUKORA ikizamini n'ibisubizo byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 3. Ingaruka z'ubugari bw'icyuma cya mesh hamwe nigihe cyo kugaruka kuri QFN hamwe no gusudira chip byerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 12. Binyuze mu isesengura ry’imikoranire y’ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka, Byagaragaye ko ukoresheje uburebure bwa 100 mm na 80 s yo kugaruka irashobora kugabanya cyane gusudira cavity ya QFN na chip. Igipimo cyo gusudira cya QFN cyaragabanutse kuva kuri 27.8% kugeza kuri 16.1%, naho igipimo cyo gusudira cya chip kigabanuka kuva kuri 20.5% kugeza kuri 14.5%.
Mu igeragezwa, ibicuruzwa 1000 byakozwe mu bihe byiza (uburebure bwa 100 mm mesh yubushyuhe bwa mesh, 80 s yo kugaruka), kandi igipimo cyo gusudira cya 100 QFN na chip byapimwe ku bushake. Impuzandengo yo gusudira ya cavity ya QFN yari 16.4%, naho impuzandengo yo gusudira ya chip yari 14.7% Igipimo cyo gusudira cya chip na chip biragaragara ko cyaragabanutse.
4.2 Inzira nshya itezimbere umwobo wo gusudira
Imiterere nyayo yumusaruro hamwe nikizamini byerekana ko mugihe agace kogosha kari munsi ya chip kari munsi ya 10%, ikibazo cyimyanya myanya ya chip ntikizabaho mugihe cyo guhuza no kubumba. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byateguwe neza na DOE ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa byo gusesengura no gukemura ibyobo biri mu bicuruzwa bisanzwe byagurishijwe byo kugurisha, kandi igipimo cyo gusudira cyikibanza cya chip gikeneye kugabanuka.
Kubera ko chip itwikiriye uwagurishije ibuza gaze mu ugurisha guhunga, igipimo cy’umwobo kiri munsi ya chip kiragabanuka cyane mu gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya gaze yatwitswe. Hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwo gusudira gusudira hamwe no gucapa paste ebyiri zagurishijwe: icapiro rimwe ryagurishijwe, icapiro rimwe ridapfukirana QFN na chip yambaye ubusa isohora gaze mubagurisha; Inzira yihariye yo kugurisha icapiro rya kabiri, gucapura no kugaruka kwa kabiri irerekanwa mumashusho 13.
Iyo 75mm yimyenda yo kugurisha icapishijwe kunshuro yambere, gaze nyinshi mubagurisha idafite igifuniko cya chip irahunga hejuru, kandi umubyimba nyuma yo kugaruka ni nka 50μm. Nyuma yo kurangiza kwambere kwambere, kwaduka kwaduka byacapwe hejuru yumugurisha ukonje ukonje (kugirango ugabanye umubare wabagurisha ibicuruzwa, kugabanya umubare wa gazi yamenetse, kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe), hamwe nuwagurishije hamwe umubyimba wa 50 mm (ibisubizo byikizamini byavuzwe haruguru byerekana ko 100 mkm aribyiza, bityo ubunini bwicapiro rya kabiri ni 100 mkm.50 μ m = 50 μ m), hanyuma ushyireho chip, hanyuma usubire muri 80 s. Nta mwobo uri mu ugurisha nyuma yo gucapa bwa mbere no kugaruka, kandi paste yo kugurisha mu icapiro rya kabiri ni nto, kandi umwobo wo gusudira ni muto, nk'uko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 14.
Nyuma yo gucapa kabiri kugurisha ibicuruzwa, gushushanya ubusa
4.3 Kugenzura ingaruka zo gusudira
Umusaruro wibicuruzwa 2000 (ubunini bwicyuma cya mbere cyo gucapa ibyuma ni 75 mkm, ubunini bwicyuma cya kabiri cyacapwe ni 50 μ m), ibindi bintu bidahindutse, gupima bidasubirwaho 500 QFN nigipimo cyo gusudira chip, wasanze inzira nshya nyuma yo kugaruka kwambere nta cavity, nyuma yo kugaruka kwa kabiri QFN Igipimo ntarengwa cyo gusudira ni 4.8%, naho igipimo kinini cyo gusudira cya chip ni 4.1%. Ugereranije nuburyo bwambere bwo gusohora imashini imwe yo gusudira hamwe na DOE yatezimbere, umwobo wo gusudira uragabanuka cyane, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 15. Nta bice bya chip byabonetse nyuma yipimisha ryibicuruzwa byose.
5 Incamake
Gutezimbere kugurisha ibicuruzwa byacapwe hamwe nigihe cyo kugaruka birashobora kugabanya umwanya wo gusudira, ariko igipimo cyo gusudira kiracyari kinini. Gukoresha ibicuruzwa bibiri bigurisha icapiro ryerekana uburyo bwo gusudira birashobora gukora neza kandi bikagabanya umuvuduko wo gusudira. Agace ko gusudira ka QFN umuzenguruko wambaye ubusa karashobora kuba 4.4mm x4.1mm na 3.0mm x2.3mm mukubyara umusaruro mwinshi Igipimo cyimyanya yo gusudira cyongeye kugenzurwa munsi ya 5%, bikazamura ubwiza nubwizerwe bwo gusudira. Ubushakashatsi buri muriyi nyandiko butanga icyerekezo cyingenzi cyo kunoza ikibazo cyo gusudira ikibazo kinini cyo gusudira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-05-2023
