Niki gikurura amashanyarazi, kuvomerera, gukurura amashanyarazi?

Kurura amashanyarazi no kuhira ni ibipimo byo gupima ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibizunguruka (icyitonderwa: gukurura no kuhira byose nibisohoka birangiye, nuko rero ubushobozi bwa shoferi) ibipimo. Iyi mvugo isanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwa sisitemu.

Hano tugomba kubanza gusobanura ko gukurura no kuhira mumashanyarazi ya chip nigipimo cyagaciro, aricyo kigero cyo hejuru cyibisohoka bisohoka hamwe no kuhira imyaka mubyukuri (byemewe agaciro ntarengwa).

Igitekerezo kivugwa hepfo nigiciro nyacyo mukuzunguruka.

Kuberako ibisohoka byumuzunguruko wa digitale ari hejuru gusa, hasi (0, 1), agaciro k'amashanyarazi:

Iyo ibisohoka -bisanzwe bisohoka, ibisohoka mubisanzwe bitangwa kumuzigo. Agaciro k'ibihe byitwa "gukurura amashanyarazi";

Iyo ibisohoka -bisanzwe bisohoka mubisanzwe muri iki gihe kugirango bikuremo umutwaro, agaciro k'umuyoboro winjiza witwa "kuvomera (kwinjira)".

Kubikoresho byinjiza byubu:

Umuyoboro winjira hamwe nu kwinjiza ibintu byinjira. Ibiriho birahinduka, kandi ibyinjira birakora.

Niba umuyaga wo hanze unyuze muri chip pin, 'gutemba' muri chip bita umuyoboro wo kuhira (kuvomera);

Ibinyuranye, niba imiyoboro y'imbere inyuze muri chip pin ivuye kuri chip 'itemba' yitwa gukurura amashanyarazi (gukururwa);

Kuki nshobora gupima ubushobozi bwo gutwara? Isangano

Iyo urugi rwumvikana rusohoka ruri hasi, umuyoboro wuhira mumuryango wa logique witwa umuyoboro wo kuhira. Ninini yo kuhira imyaka, niko urwego rwo hasi rwibisohoka birangira. Irashobora kandi kuboneka mubisohoka biranga umurongo wa triode. Ninini yo kuhira imyaka, nini nini ya voltage yuzuye, kandi nini murwego rwo hasi. Nyamara, urwego rwo hasi rwumuryango wumvikana rugarukira, kandi rufite UOLMAX ntarengwa. Iyo ukorera kumuryango wumvikana, ntabwo byemewe kurenga agaciro. Ibisobanuro byumuryango wa TTL logic byerekana UOLMAX ≤0.4 ～ 0.5V. Kubwibyo, hari imipaka yo hejuru yo kuhira.

Iyo urugi rwumvikana rusohoka ruri hejuru, ikigezweho kumuryango wumvikana ibisohoka birangira bisohoka mumuryango wumvikana. Ubu bugezweho bwitwa gukurura. Ninini yo gukurura amashanyarazi, hepfo urwego rwo hejuru rwibisohoka birangiye. Ibi ni ukubera ko ibisohoka -urwego rwa triode rufite imbaraga zo kurwanya imbere, kandi kugabanuka kwa voltage kumurwanya w'imbere bizagabanya ibisohoka voltage. Ninini yo gukurura amashanyarazi, hepfo urwego rwo hejuru rwibisohoka birangiye. Nyamara, urwego rwo hejuru rwumuryango wa logique rufite aho rugarukira, kandi rufite byibuze UOHmin. Iyo ukorera mumuryango wumvikana, ntabwo byemewe kurenga agaciro. Ibisobanuro bya TTL logic umuryango ibisobanuro uohmin ≥2.4V. Kubwibyo, hari kandi imipaka yo hejuru yo gukurura amashanyarazi.

Birashobora kugaragara ko hari imipaka yo hejuru hejuru yo gukurura amashanyarazi no kuhira imyaka isohoka. Bitabaye ibyo, iyo urwego rwohejuru rusohoka, gukurura ibizagabanya ibisohoka kurwego rwa UOHMIN; mugihe ibisohoka bike -ibisohoka, kuvomera bizatuma urwego rusohoka rusumba UOLMAX.

Kubwibyo, gukurura no kuhira byerekana ubushobozi bwo gusohora ubushobozi. .

Kuberako urwego-rwohejuru rwinjiza ruto ni ruto, kurwego rwa micro -urwego, mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ngombwa kubitekerezaho. Urwego rwo hasi rugezweho ni runini kandi kurwego rwa milliamp.

Kubwibyo, ntakibazo gihari kijyanye no kuhira imyaka. Koresha umufana kugirango usobanure ubushobozi bwumuryango logique wo gutwara inzugi zisa. Umufana avuye mu mpuhwe ni igipimo cyo hasi -urwego rwohejuru rusohoka rwinshi hamwe ninjiza ntarengwa yo kurwego rwo hasi.

Mumuzunguruko uhuriweho, guswera, gukurura ibyasohotse no kuvomerera ibyasohotse nigitekerezo cyingenzi.

Kurura no kumeneka, ibikorwa bisohoka bigezweho, biva mubisohoka ibisohoka;

Kuhira ni kwishyuza, kwinjiza ibyinjira, bigenda biva ku cyambu gisohoka;

Imibabaro irimo guhumeka neza, bigatemba biva ku cyambu. 

Umuyoboro wokunywa no kuhira niwo mugezi utemba muri chip uhereye kumuzunguruko winyuma wa chip. Itandukaniro nuko iyinjizwa ryimyitozo irakora, kandi iyinjira ryinjira rituruka kumurongo wanyuma. Amasuka asuka ni passiyo, hamwe numuyoboro uva mubisohoka byanyuma byitwa mubigezweho.

Gukurura amashanyarazi nibisohoka bigezweho bitangwa na sisitemu yumuzunguruko isohoka murwego rwo hejuru kurwego. Ibisohoka biri hasi mugihe iyo kuhira ari iyinjiza ryumuzunguruko. Mubyukuri nibyinjiza nibisohoka ubushobozi bwubu.

Umuyoboro winjiza ni uwinjiza terminal (iyinjiza ryanyuma ryinjiza), hamwe no gukurura amashanyarazi (ibisohoka birangira bisohoka) hamwe no kuhira imyaka (ibisohoka birangira).