Muri rusange, biragoye kwirinda kunanirwa gake mugutezimbere, kubyara no gukoresha ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, isesengura ryananiwe riragenda riba ngombwa. Mugusesengura ibyananiranye byananiranye, Irashobora gufasha abashushanya umuzunguruko kubona inenge zubushakashatsi bwibikoresho, kudahuza ibipimo byimikorere, igishushanyo kidafite ishingiro cyumuzunguruko wa peripheri cyangwa imikorere mibi yatewe nikibazo. Gukenera kunanirwa gusesengura ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:
(1) Isesengura ryananiwe nuburyo bukenewe bwo kumenya uburyo bwo kunanirwa chip igikoresho;
(2) Isesengura ryatsinzwe ritanga ishingiro ryamakuru namakuru yo gusuzuma neza amakosa;
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Kugirango isesengura ryananiwe rya diode ya semiconductor, amajwi cyangwa imiyoboro ihuriweho, ibipimo byamashanyarazi bigomba kubanza kugeragezwa, hanyuma nyuma yo kugenzura kugaragara munsi ya microscope optique, ibipaki bigomba kuvaho. Mugihe gikomeza ubusugire bwimikorere ya chip, imbere ninyuma iyobora, guhuza ingingo hamwe nubuso bwa chip bigomba kubikwa kure hashoboka, kugirango twitegure intambwe ikurikira yisesengura.
Gukoresha scanning electron microscopi hamwe ningufu zingufu kugirango ukore iri sesengura: harimo kwitegereza microscopique morphologie, gushakisha aho byananiranye, kureba aho inenge iherereye hamwe n’ahantu, gupima neza igipimo cya microscopique ya geometrike hamwe nubuso bushobora gukwirakwizwa no guca imanza zifatika zirembo rya digitale umuzenguruko (hamwe na voltage itandukanye ishusho yuburyo); Koresha ingufu za sprometrometero cyangwa spekrometero kugirango ukore iri sesengura rifite: isesengura ryibintu bya microscopique, imiterere yibintu cyangwa isesengura ryangiza.
01. Ubuso bwubuso no gutwika ibikoresho bya semiconductor
Ubuso bwubuso hamwe no gutwika ibikoresho bya semiconductor byombi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1, aribwo busembwa bwurwego rusukuye rwumuzunguruko.
Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana ubuso bwubuso bwurwego rwumuzingi uhuriweho.
Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana umuyoboro ucamo hagati yimirongo ibiri yicyuma yumuzunguruko.
Igicapo ca 4 cerekana igipande c'icuma gisenyuka hamwe na skew deformasiyo ku kiraro c'ikirere mugikoresho ca microwave.
Igicapo 5 cerekana gride yaka ya microwave.
Igicapo ca 6 kirerekana kwangirika kwamashanyarazi kumurongo wamashanyarazi uhuriweho.
Igicapo 7 cerekana mesa diode chip ifungura kandi ifite inenge.
Igicapo 8 cerekana gusenyuka kwa diode ikingira kwinjiza kwinjiza umuzenguruko.
Igicapo 9 cerekana ko ubuso bwa chip yumuzunguruko ihuriweho yangijwe ningaruka za mashini.
Igicapo 10 cerekana igice co gutwika igice c'umuzunguruko.
Igicapo 11 cerekana chip ya diode yaravunitse kandi irashya cyane, kandi ingingo zo kumeneka zahindutse gushonga.
Igicapo 12 kirerekana gallium nitride microwave power tube chip yatwitse, naho ingingo yatwitswe irerekana imiterere yashonze.
02. Kumeneka kwa electrostatike
Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor biva mu gukora, gupakira, gutwara kugeza ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko cyo gushyiramo, gusudira, guteranya imashini nibindi bikorwa byugarijwe n’amashanyarazi ahamye. Muri ubu buryo, ubwikorezi bwangiritse kubera kugenda kenshi no guhura n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhagaze uturuka hanze. Niyo mpamvu, hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane cyane kurinda amashanyarazi mugihe cyohereza no gutwara kugirango igihombo kigabanuke.
Mubikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe na unipolar MOS tube hamwe na MOS ihuriweho numurongo wunvikana cyane cyane kumashanyarazi ahamye, cyane cyane umuyoboro wa MOS, kuberako irwanya ubwinjiriro bwayo iri hejuru cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwamarembo-electrode capacitance ni nto cyane, kuburyo byoroshye cyane kuba byatewe numurima wa electromagnetique yo hanze cyangwa induction ya electrostatike kandi ikarishye, kandi kubera ibisekuruza bya electrostatike, biragoye gusohora amafaranga mugihe, Kubwibyo, biroroshye gutera kwirundanya kwamashanyarazi guhagarara kumashanyarazi ako kanya. Uburyo bwo gusenyuka kwa electrostatike ahanini ni ugusenyuka kwamashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga, urwego ruto rwa oxyde ya gride yaravunitse, ikora pinhole, igabanya itandukaniro riri hagati ya gride nisoko cyangwa hagati ya gride numuyoboro.
Kandi ugereranije na MOS tube MOS ihuriweho numuzunguruko wa antistatike yo gusenyuka ni byiza cyane, kuberako ibyinjira byinjira muri MOS byuzuzanya bifite diode ikingira. Iyo habaye amashanyarazi manini ya electrostatike cyangwa voltage ya surge hafi ya diode ikingira irashobora guhindurwa hasi, ariko niba voltage ari ndende cyane cyangwa ako kanya amplifisione nini ni nini cyane, rimwe na rimwe diode irinda ubwayo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 8.
Amashusho menshi yerekanwe kumashusho13 ni electrostatike yo gusenya topografiya ya MOS ihuriweho. Ivunika ni rito kandi ryimbitse, ryerekana gushonga.
Igicapo 14 cerekana isura ya electrostatike isenyuka yumutwe wa magneti ya disiki ya mudasobwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2023
