Muri rusange, biragoye kwirinda kunanirwa gake mugutezimbere, kubyara no gukoresha ibikoresho bya semiconductor.Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, isesengura ryananiwe riragenda riba ngombwa.Mugusesengura ibyananiranye byananiranye, Irashobora gufasha abashushanya umuzunguruko kubona inenge zubushakashatsi bwibikoresho, kudahuza ibipimo byimikorere, igishushanyo kidafite ishingiro cyumuzunguruko wa peripheri cyangwa imikorere mibi yatewe nikibazo.Gukenera kunanirwa gusesengura ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:
(1) Isesengura ryananiwe nuburyo bukenewe bwo kumenya uburyo bwo kunanirwa chip igikoresho;
(2) Isesengura ryatsinzwe ritanga ishingiro ryamakuru namakuru yo gusuzuma neza amakosa;
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Kugirango isesengura ryananiwe rya diode ya semiconductor, amajwi cyangwa imiyoboro ihuriweho, ibipimo byamashanyarazi bigomba kubanza kugeragezwa, hanyuma nyuma yo kugenzura kugaragara munsi ya microscope optique, ibipaki bigomba kuvaho.Mugihe gikomeza ubusugire bwimikorere ya chip, imbere ninyuma iyobora, guhuza ingingo hamwe nubuso bwa chip bigomba kubikwa kure hashoboka, kugirango twitegure intambwe ikurikira yisesengura.
Ukoresheje scanning electron microscopie hamwe ningufu zingufu kugirango ukore iri sesengura: harimo kwitegereza morphologique ya microscopique, gushakisha aho watsinzwe, kureba aho inenge iherereye hamwe n’ahantu, gupima neza ingano ya microscopique ya geometrike yubunini hamwe nubuso bushobora gukwirakwizwa no guca imanza zifatika kumarembo ya digitale umuzenguruko (hamwe na voltage itandukanye ishusho yuburyo);Koresha ingufu za sprometrometero cyangwa spekrometero kugirango ukore iri sesengura rifite: isesengura ryibintu bya microscopique, imiterere yibintu cyangwa isesengura ryangiza.
01. Ubuso bwubuso no gutwika ibikoresho bya semiconductor
Ubuso bwubuso hamwe no gutwika ibikoresho bya semiconductor byombi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1, aribwo busembwa bwurwego rusukuye rwumuzunguruko.
Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana ubuso bwubuso bwurwego rwumuzunguruko.
Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana umuyoboro ucamo hagati yimirongo ibiri yicyuma yumuzunguruko.
Igicapo ca 4 cerekana igipande c'icyuma gisenyuka hamwe na skew deformasiyo ku kiraro cyo mu kirere mu gikoresho cya microwave.
Igicapo 5 cerekana gride yaka ya microwave.
Igicapo ca 6 kirerekana kwangirika kwamashanyarazi kumurongo wamashanyarazi uhuriweho.
Igicapo 7 cerekana mesa diode chip ifungura kandi ifite inenge.
Igicapo 8 cerekana gusenyuka kwa diode ikingira kwinjiza kwinjiza umuzenguruko.
Igicapo 9 cerekana ko ubuso bwa chip yumuzunguruko ihuriweho yangijwe ningaruka za mashini.
Igicapo 10 cerekana igice co gutwika igice c'umuzunguruko.
Igicapo 11 cerekana chip ya diode yaravunitse kandi irashya cyane, kandi ingingo zo kumeneka zahindutse gushonga.
Igicapo 12 kirerekana gallium nitride microwave power tube chip yatwitse, naho ingingo yatwitse irerekana imiterere yashonze.
02. Kumeneka kwa electrostatike
Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor biva mu gukora, gupakira, gutwara kugeza ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko cyo gushyiramo, gusudira, guteranya imashini nibindi bikorwa byugarijwe n’amashanyarazi ahamye.Muri ubu buryo, ubwikorezi bwangiritse kubera kugenda kenshi no guhura n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhagaze uturuka hanze.Niyo mpamvu, hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane cyane kurinda amashanyarazi mugihe cyohereza no gutwara abantu kugirango igabanye igihombo.
Mu bikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe na unipolar ya MOS hamwe na MOS ihuriweho n’umuzunguruko yunvikana cyane cyane amashanyarazi ahamye, cyane cyane umuyoboro wa MOS, kubera ko irwanya ubwinjira ryayo iri hejuru cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwa irembo-isoko rya electrode ni nto cyane, bityo biroroshye cyane kuba yibasiwe numurima wa electromagnetic yumuriro cyangwa induction ya electrostatike kandi ikarishye, kandi kubera ibisekuruza bya electrostatike, biragoye gusohora mugihe cyagenwe, Kubwibyo, biroroshye gutera kwirundanya kwamashanyarazi ahamye kumeneka ako kanya igikoresho.Uburyo bwo gusenyuka kwa electrostatike ni cyane cyane amashanyarazi yamenetse, ni ukuvuga, urwego ruto rwa oxyde ya gride yaravunitse, ikora pinhole, igabanya itandukaniro riri hagati ya gride nisoko cyangwa hagati ya gride na drain.
Kandi ugereranije na MOS tube MOS ihuriweho numuzunguruko wa antistatike yo gusenyuka ni byiza cyane, kuko ibyinjira byinjira muri MOS byuzuzanya bifite diode ikingira.Iyo habaye amashanyarazi manini ya electrostatike cyangwa voltage ya surge muri diode nyinshi zirinda zirashobora guhindurwa hasi, ariko niba voltage ari ndende cyane cyangwa amashanyarazi ahita aba ari manini cyane, rimwe na rimwe diode irinda ubwayo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 8.
Amashusho menshi yerekanwe kumashusho13 ni electrostatike yo gusenyuka topografiya ya MOS ihuriweho.Ingingo yo gusenyuka ni ntoya kandi yimbitse, yerekana gushonga imiterere.
Igicapo 14 cerekana isura ya electrostatike isenyuka yumutwe wa magneti ya disiki ya mudasobwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2023