Intego yibanze yubuvuzi bwa PCB nugukora neza gusudira cyangwa ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Kubera ko umuringa muri kamere ukunda kubaho muburyo bwa oxyde mu kirere, ntibishoboka ko ubungabungwa nkumuringa wambere mugihe kirekire, bityo rero ugomba kuvurwa numuringa.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura PCB.Ibintu bisanzwe birasa, birinda kama (OSP), byuzuye-nikel yuzuye zahabu, Shen Jin, Shenxi, Shenyin, nikel ya chimique, zahabu, na electroplating zahabu ikomeye.Ikimenyetso.
1. Umwuka ushyushye uringaniye (spray tin)
Inzira rusange yuburyo bwo gushyushya ikirere ni: isuri ya micro → gushyushya → gutwikira gusudira → gutera amabati → gusukura.
Umwuka ushyushye uringaniye, uzwi kandi nk'umwuka ushyushye weld (usanzwe uzwi nka tin spray), akaba aribwo buryo bwo gutwikira amabati ashonga (gurş) yasuditswe hejuru ya PCB no gukoresha ubushyuhe kugirango uhoshe ikosora ikirere (guhuha) kugirango ubeho urwego rwo kurwanya okiside.Irashobora kandi gutanga ibice byiza byo gusudira.Weld yose hamwe numuringa wumuyaga ushushe bigizwe numuringa -tin icyuma cyuzuzanya hamwe.Ubusanzwe PCB irimo kurohama mumazi asudira;icyuma cyumuyaga gihuha amazi yasuditswe neza asudira mbere yo gusudira;
Urwego rwumuyaga wubushyuhe rugabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: uhagaritse kandi utambitse.Mubisanzwe bizera ko ubwoko bwa horizontal ari bwiza.Nibisanzwe cyane cyane ikirere gishyushye cyo gukosora ikirere kirasa kimwe, gishobora kugera kubikorwa byikora.
Ibyiza: igihe kirekire cyo kubika;PCB imaze kurangira, ubuso bwumuringa butose rwose (amabati arapfukirana rwose mbere yo gusudira);bikwiranye no gusudira;inzira ikuze, igiciro gito, ikwiranye no kugenzura amashusho no gupima amashanyarazi
Ibibi: Ntibikwiriye guhuza umurongo;kubera ikibazo cyuburinganire bwubuso, hari nimbogamizi kuri SMT;ntibikwiye kubishushanyo mbonera.Iyo utera amabati, umuringa uzashonga, kandi ikibaho ni ubushyuhe bwinshi.Cyane cyane amasahani yibyibushye cyangwa yoroheje, tin spray ni mike, kandi ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro ntibyoroshye.
2, ibinyabuzima byo gusudira birinda (OSP)
Inzira rusange ni: gutesha agaciro -> micro-etching -> gutoragura -> gusukura amazi meza -> gutwika ibinyabuzima -> gusukura, kandi kugenzura inzira biroroshye kwerekana inzira yo kuvura.
OSP ni inzira yo gucapa imashanyarazi (PCB) umuringa wo gutunganya umuringa ukurikije ibisabwa nubuyobozi bwa RoHS.OSP ni ngufi kuri Organic Solderability Preservatives, izwi kandi nka organic solderability preservatives, izwi kandi nka Preflux mucyongereza.Muri make, OSP ni chimique ikuze yimiti yuruhu rwumubiri hejuru yumuringa usukuye, wambaye ubusa.Iyi firime ifite anti-okiside, ihungabana ryubushyuhe, irwanya ubushuhe, kugirango irinde ubuso bwumuringa mubidukikije bisanzwe bitakiri ingese (okiside cyangwa volcanisation, nibindi);Nyamara, mugihe cyo gusudira hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, iyi firime irinda igomba gukurwaho byoroshye na flux vuba, kugirango ubuso bwumuringa bugaragara bushobora guhita buhuzwa nuwagurishije mumashanyarazi mugihe gito cyane kugirango ahindurwe hamwe.
Ibyiza: Inzira iroroshye, ubuso burasa cyane, bubereye gusudira ubusa-gusudira na SMT.Biroroshye gukora, gukora umusaruro woroshye, bikwiranye n'umurongo utambitse.Ikibaho kibereye gutunganya byinshi (urugero OSP + ENIG).Igiciro gito, cyangiza ibidukikije.
Ibibi: kugabanya umubare wogusudira kugaruka (gusudira kwinshi, firime izasenywa, mubyukuri inshuro 2 ntakibazo).Ntibikwiye kubijyanye na tekinoroji, guhuza insinga.Kugaragaza amashusho no kumenya amashanyarazi ntabwo byoroshye.N2 kurinda gazi birakenewe kuri SMT.Ibikorwa bya SMT ntibikwiye.Ibisabwa byinshi byo kubika.
3, isahani yose yashizwemo nikel zahabu
Isahani ya nikel isa nuyobora PCB hejuru yabanje gushyirwaho igipande cya nikel hanyuma igashyirwaho igipande cya zahabu, isahani ya nikel igamije cyane cyane gukumira ikwirakwizwa rya zahabu n'umuringa.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa zahabu ya electroplated nikel: isahani ya zahabu yoroshye (zahabu itunganijwe, hejuru ya zahabu ntigaragara neza) hamwe na zahabu ikomeye (isa neza kandi ikomeye, irwanya kwambara, irimo ibindi bintu nka cobalt, hejuru ya zahabu isa neza).Zahabu yoroshye ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugupakira ipaki ya zahabu;Zahabu ikomeye ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumashanyarazi adahujwe.
Ibyiza: Igihe kirekire cyo kubika> amezi 12.Birakwiriye guhuza ibishushanyo mbonera no guhuza insinga za zahabu.Birakwiye kwipimisha amashanyarazi
Intege nke: Igiciro kinini, zahabu nyinshi.Intoki zikoresha amashanyarazi zisaba ubundi buryo bwo kuyobora insinga.Kubera ko ubunini bwa zahabu butajyanye, iyo bukoreshejwe mu gusudira, birashobora gutera kwinjiza ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe kubera zahabu nyinshi cyane, bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga.Ikibazo cya electroplating ikibazo cyuburinganire.Electroplated nikel zahabu ntabwo itwikira inkombe.Ntibikwiriye guhuza insinga ya aluminium.
4. Kurohama zahabu
Inzira rusange ni: gutoragura isuku -> micro-ruswa -> kubwiriza -> gukora -> isahani ya nikel idafite amashanyarazi -> kumena zahabu;Hano hari ibigega 6 byimiti mubikorwa, birimo ubwoko bwimiti igera ku 100, kandi inzira iragoye.
Kurohama zahabu bipfunyitse mubyuma, amashanyarazi meza ya nikel zahabu ivanze hejuru yumuringa, ishobora kurinda PCB igihe kirekire;Byongeye kandi, ifite kandi kwihanganira ibidukikije izindi nzira zo kuvura hejuru zidafite.Byongeye kandi, kurohama zahabu birashobora kandi gukumira isenyuka ryumuringa, bizagirira akamaro inteko idafite isasu.
Ibyiza: ntabwo byoroshye okiside, birashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire, hejuru iraringaniye, ibereye gusudira icyuho cyiza hamwe nibice hamwe nuduce duto two kugurisha.Ibyifuzo bya PCB hamwe na buto (nkibibaho bya terefone igendanwa).Kugarura gusudira birashobora gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi nta gutakaza cyane gusudira.Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukoresha insinga za COB (Chip On Board).
Ibibi: igiciro kinini, imbaraga zo gusudira nabi, kuko ikoreshwa rya nikel idafite amashanyarazi, byoroshye kugira ibibazo bya disiki yumukara.Nikel layer oxyde mugihe, kandi kwizerwa kuramba nikibazo.
5. Amabati
Kubera ko abagurisha ubu bose bashingiye ku mabati, amabati arashobora guhuzwa n'ubwoko bwose bw'abagurisha.Inzira yo kurohama amabati irashobora gukora imiringa iringaniye yumuringa-tin icyuma cya intermetallic, bigatuma amabati arohama agira ubushobozi bwo kugurishwa neza nkumuyaga ushyushye uringaniye nta kibazo kibabaje cyumutwe cyo guhumeka ikirere;Amabati ntashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire, kandi inteko igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe gahunda yo kurohama.
Ibyiza: Birakwiriye kubyara umurongo utambitse.Birakwiriye gutunganyirizwa umurongo mwiza, bikwiranye no gusudira kubusa, cyane cyane muburyo bwa tekinoroji.Nibyiza cyane, bikwiranye na SMT.
Ibibi: Ububiko bwiza burakenewe, nibyiza bitarenze amezi 6, kugirango ukure imikurire ya tin whisker.Ntibikwiriye guhuza igishushanyo mbonera.Mubikorwa byo gutunganya, gahunda yo gusudira yo gusudira iringaniye cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizatera firime yo kurwanya gusudira kugwa.Kubisudira byinshi, kurinda gaze N2 nibyiza.Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi nabyo ni ikibazo.
6. Kurohama ifeza
Uburyo bwo kurohama bwa feza buri hagati yububiko bwa organic na nikel / zahabu idafite amashanyarazi, inzira iroroshye kandi byihuse;Ndetse iyo ihuye nubushyuhe, ubushuhe n’umwanda, ifeza iracyafite ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza, ariko izatakaza urumuri.Isahani ya feza ntabwo ifite imbaraga zumubiri zifatika za nikel zidafite amashanyarazi / isahani ya zahabu kuko nta nikel iri munsi yifeza.
Ibyiza: Inzira yoroshye, ibereye gusudira ubusa-gusudira, SMT.Ubuso buringaniye cyane, igiciro gito, kibereye imirongo myiza cyane.
Ibibi: Ibisabwa byinshi mububiko, byoroshye kwanduza.Imbaraga zo gusudira zikunda ibibazo (ikibazo cya micro-cavity).Biroroshye kugira ibintu bya electromigration phenomenon na Javani bite phenomenon yumuringa munsi ya firime yo gusudira.Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi nabyo ni ikibazo
7, nikel palladium
Ugereranije n’imvura igwa zahabu, hariho urwego rwiyongereye rwa palladium hagati ya nikel na zahabu, kandi palladium irashobora gukumira ibintu byangirika biterwa no gusimburwa no gukora imyiteguro yuzuye yo kugwa kwa zahabu.Zahabu isize neza na palladium, itanga ubuso bwiza bwo guhuza.
Ibyiza: Birakwiriye gusudira ubusa.Ubuso buringaniye, bubereye SMT.Binyuze mu myobo irashobora kandi kuba zahabu ya nikel.Igihe kinini cyo kubika, imiterere yo kubika ntabwo ikaze.Birakwiriye kwipimisha amashanyarazi.Birakwiriye guhinduranya igishushanyo mbonera.Bikwiranye no guhuza insinga ya aluminiyumu, ibereye isahani yuzuye, kurwanya cyane ibidukikije.
8. Gukoresha amashanyarazi akomeye
Kugirango urusheho kunoza imyambarire yibicuruzwa, ongera umubare winjiza no kuyikuramo na electroplating zahabu ikomeye.
PCB yo kuvura uburyo bwo kuvura ntabwo ari nini cyane, bisa nkaho ari ibintu bisa nkaho biri kure, ariko twakagombye kumenya ko impinduka zigihe kirekire zizatera impinduka nini.Mugihe cyo kongera guhamagarira kurengera ibidukikije, gahunda yo gutunganya PCB izahinduka rwose mubihe biri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-05-2023