"Amakuru y’imyaka 23 y’indege ya China Southern Airlines yatewe amashanyarazi ubwo yavuganaga kuri iPhone5 ye igihe yarimo yishyuza", aya makuru yashimishije abantu benshi kuri interineti.Amashanyarazi arashobora guhungabanya ubuzima?Abahanga basesenguye imyuka ya transformateur imbere muri charger ya terefone igendanwa, 220VAC ihinduranya ibyasohotse kugeza kuri DC, kandi binyuze mumurongo wamakuru kugeza ku cyuma cya terefone igendanwa, amaherezo bikazana amashanyarazi, kubaho ibyago bidasubirwaho.
None se kuki umusaruro wa terefone igendanwa uza hamwe na 220V AC?Ni iki twakagombye kwitondera muguhitamo amashanyarazi yihariye?Nigute dushobora gutandukanya amashanyarazi yitaruye kandi adahari?Igitekerezo rusange mu nganda ni:
1. Amashanyarazi yitaruye.
2, amashanyarazi adahari:hari icyerekezo kiziguye hagati yinjiza nibisohoka, kurugero, ibyinjira nibisohoka birasanzwe.Umuzunguruko wa flake wihariye hamwe numuzunguruko wa BUCK utigunze bifatwa nkurugero, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.Figure 1 Amashanyarazi yitaruye hamwe na transformateur
1.Ibyiza nibibi byo gutanga amashanyarazi yitaruye no gutanga amashanyarazi adahari
Ukurikije imyumvire yavuzwe haruguru, kubijyanye na topologiya isanzwe itanga amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi adatandukanijwe cyane cyane arimo Buck, Boost, kongera amafaranga, nibindi. izindi topologiya hamwe na transformateur yihariye.
Dufatanije nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yitaruye kandi adashyizwe hamwe, turashobora guhita tubona bimwe mubyiza nibibi byabo, ibyiza nibibi byombi birasa.
Kugira ngo ukoreshe amashanyarazi yitaruye cyangwa adahujwe, birakenewe kumva uburyo umushinga nyirizina ukenera amashanyarazi, ariko mbere yibyo, urashobora kumva itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati y’amashanyarazi yitaruye kandi adafunze:
Mod Module yo kwigunga ifite ubwizerwe buhanitse, ariko igiciro kinini kandi ikora neza.
②Imiterere ya module idahari iroroshye cyane, igiciro gito, imikorere myiza, hamwe numutekano muke.
Kubwibyo, mubihe bikurikira, birasabwa gukoresha amashanyarazi yihariye:
Uruhare rwibihe byamashanyarazi, nko gufata amashanyarazi kuri gride kugeza mumashanyarazi make ya DC, bigomba gukoresha amashanyarazi yihariye ya AC-DC;
Bus Bisi y'itumanaho ikurikirana itanga amakuru binyuze mumiyoboro ifatika nka RS-232, RS-485 hamwe nu mugenzuzi waho (CAN).Buri imwe muri sisitemu ihujwe ifite ibikoresho byayo bitanga amashanyarazi, kandi intera iri hagati ya sisitemu akenshi iba iri kure.Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe dukeneye gutandukanya amashanyarazi yo kwigunga kugirango tumenye umutekano wumubiri wa sisitemu.Mugutandukanya no guca kumurongo wubutaka, sisitemu irinzwe ningaruka zigihe gito zingaruka za voltage kandi kugoreka ibimenyetso bigabanuka.
③ Kubyambu bya I / O byo hanze, kugirango tumenye imikorere yizewe ya sisitemu, birasabwa guha akato amashanyarazi ya I / O.
Imbonerahamwe yincamake yerekanwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, kandi ibyiza nibibi byombi birasa.
Imbonerahamwe 1 Ibyiza nibibi byo gutanga amashanyarazi yitaruye kandi adahari
2 choice Guhitamo imbaraga zitaruye nimbaraga zitigunze
Mugusobanukirwa ibyiza nibibi byo gutanga amashanyarazi yitaruye kandi adashyizwe hamwe, buriwese afite ibyiza bye, kandi twashoboye guca imanza zukuri kubijyanye nuburyo bumwe bwo gushyiramo amashanyarazi:
Supply Amashanyarazi ya sisitemu akoreshwa muri rusange kunoza imikorere yo kurwanya no kwizerwa.
Supply Amashanyarazi ya IC cyangwa igice cyumuzunguruko mukibaho cyumuzunguruko, guhera kubiciro -byiza nubunini, gukoresha cyane gahunda idahwitse.
③ Kubisabwa kugirango umutekano ubeho, niba ukeneye guhuza AC-DC y’amashanyarazi ya Komini, cyangwa amashanyarazi yo gukoresha ubuvuzi, kugirango umutekano w’umuntu, ugomba gukoresha amashanyarazi.Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba gukoresha amashanyarazi kugirango ushimangire kwigunga.
④ Kugirango amashanyarazi atangwe n’itumanaho rya kure mu nganda, mu rwego rwo kugabanya neza ingaruka z’itandukaniro ry’imiterere n’imihindagurikire y’insinga, muri rusange bikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi atandukanye kugira ngo amashanyarazi kuri buri murongo w'itumanaho wenyine.
⑤ Kugirango ukoreshe amashanyarazi ya batiri, amashanyarazi adakoreshwa akoreshwa mubuzima bukomeye bwa bateri.
Mugusobanukirwa ibyiza nibibi byo kwigunga nimbaraga zo kutigunga, bafite inyungu zabo bwite.Kubintu bimwe bisanzwe bikoreshwa byashizwemo amashanyarazi, turashobora kuvuga muri make ibihe byahisemo.
1.Iamashanyarazi
Kugirango tunoze imikorere yo kurwanya-kwivanga no kwemeza kwizerwa, muri rusange ikoreshwa mugukoresha akato.
Kubisabwa kugirango umutekano ubeho, niba ukeneye guhuza na AC-DC y’amashanyarazi ya Komini, cyangwa amashanyarazi yo gukoresha ubuvuzi, hamwe n’ibikoresho byera, kugira ngo umutekano w’umuntu, ugomba gukoresha amashanyarazi, nka MPS MP020, kubitekerezo byumwimerere AC- DC, ibereye porogaramu ya 1 ~ 10W;
Kugirango amashanyarazi atangwe n’itumanaho rya kure, mu rwego rwo kugabanya neza ingaruka z’imiterere y’imiterere n’imihindagurikire y’insinga, muri rusange ikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi atandukanye kugira ngo amashanyarazi kuri buri murongo w'itumanaho wenyine.
2. Amashanyarazi adahari
IC cyangwa umuzunguruko umwe mubibaho byumuzunguruko bikoreshwa nigipimo cyibiciro nubunini, kandi igisubizo cyo kutigunga kirahitamo;nka MPS MP150 / 157 / MP174 ikurikirana buck kutigunga AC-DC, ibereye 1 ~ 5W;
Kubijyanye na voltage ikora munsi ya 36V, bateri ikoreshwa mugutanga amashanyarazi, kandi haribisabwa cyane kugirango umuntu yihangane, kandi hatangwa amashanyarazi adahwitse, nka MP2451 / MPQ2451 ya MPS.
Ibyiza nibibi byingufu zo kwigunga no gutanga amashanyarazi
Mugusobanukirwa ibyiza nibibi byo kwigunga no gutanga amashanyarazi adahari, bafite inyungu zabo bwite.Kubisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhitamo amashanyarazi, turashobora gukurikiza ibi bikurikira:
Kubisabwa byumutekano, niba ukeneye guhuza AC-DC yumuriro wamashanyarazi, cyangwa amashanyarazi kubuvuzi, kugirango umutekano wumuntu ube, ugomba gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi ibihe bimwe bigomba gukoreshwa kuzamura amashanyarazi yo kwigunga.
Mubisanzwe, ibisabwa kuri module yamashanyarazi yo kwigunga ntabwo ari hejuru cyane, ariko imbaraga zo hejuru zo kwigunga zishobora kwemeza ko amashanyarazi ya module afite amashanyarazi mato mato, umutekano mwinshi kandi wizewe, kandi ibiranga EMC nibyiza.Kubwibyo urwego rusange rwo kwigunga rwa voltage iri hejuru ya 1500VDC.
3, kwitondera guhitamo imbaraga zo kwigunga
Kurwanya kwigunga kw'amashanyarazi nabyo byitwa imbaraga zo kurwanya amashanyarazi murwego rwa GB-4943.Ihame rya GB-4943 ni amahame yumutekano yibikoresho byamakuru dukunze kuvuga, kugirango birinde abantu kuba ibipimo byigihugu n’umubiri n’amashanyarazi, harimo kwirinda kwirinda Abantu bangizwa n’ibyangijwe n’amashanyarazi, ibyangiritse ku mubiri, guturika.Nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo, igishushanyo mbonera cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbaraga zo kwigunga
Nkikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana imbaraga za module, igipimo cyo kwigunga hamwe nigitutu -kugerageza uburyo bwo kwipimisha nabwo buteganijwe mubisanzwe.Mubisanzwe, ikigereranyo gishobora guhuza ikizamini gikoreshwa mugihe cyo kugerageza byoroshye.Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhuza ni ibi bikurikira:
Igishushanyo cyingenzi cyo kurwanya kwigunga
Uburyo bwo Kwipimisha:
Shiraho voltage ya voltage irwanya agaciro kerekanwe na voltage yo kurwanya agaciro, ikigezweho gishyirwaho nkigiciro cyagenwe cyagenwe, kandi igihe cyashyizwe mugihe cyagenwe cyagenwe;
Gukoresha metero yumuvuduko utangira kwipimisha hanyuma utangire gukanda.Mugihe cyagenwe cyagenwe, module igomba kuba idashizwemo kandi idafite isazi arc.
Menya ko imbaraga zo gusudira zigomba gutoranywa mugihe cyo kugerageza kugirango wirinde gusudira inshuro nyinshi no kwangiza module yingufu.
Byongeye kandi, witondere:
1. Witondere niba ari AC-DC cyangwa DC-DC.
2. Gutandukanya imbaraga zo kwigunga.Kurugero, niba 1000V DC yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.
3. Niba imbaraga zo kwigunga zifite module ifite ikizamini cyuzuye cyo kwizerwa.Imbaraga zingufu zigomba gukorwa mugupima imikorere, kugerageza kwihanganira, ibihe byigihe gito, kwizerwa kwizerwa, ikizamini cya EMC electromagnetic ihuza ibizamini, gupima ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke, ibizamini bikabije, ibizamini byubuzima, ibizamini byumutekano, nibindi.
4. Niba umurongo wo kubyaza umusaruro amashanyarazi yitaruye yemewe.Umurongo w'ingufu z'amashanyarazi ukeneye kunyuza ibyemezo mpuzamahanga nka ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS18001, nibindi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 hepfo.
Igishushanyo cya 3 Icyemezo cya ISO
5. Niba imbaraga zo kwigunga zikoreshwa mubidukikije bikaze nkinganda n’imodoka.Amashanyarazi ntabwo akoreshwa gusa mubidukikije bikaze, ahubwo no muri sisitemu yo gucunga BMS yimodoka nshya.
4,Twe yumva imbaraga zo kwigunga nimbaraga zo kutigunga
Mbere ya byose, hasobanuwe ukutumvikana: Abantu benshi batekereza ko imbaraga zidahwitse atari nziza nkimbaraga zo kwigunga, kubera ko amashanyarazi yitaruye ahenze, bityo agomba kuba ahenze.
Ni ukubera iki ari byiza gukoresha imbaraga zo kwigunga kuruta kutigunga mubitekerezo bya buri wese?Mubyukuri, iki gitekerezo nukuguma mubitekerezo mumyaka mike ishize.Kuberako ihagarikwa ridahwitse mumyaka yashize rwose nta bwigunge no gutekana, ariko hamwe no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga R & D, kutigunga ubu birakuze cyane kandi biragenda bihinduka.Tuvuze umutekano, mubyukuri, imbaraga zo kutigunga nazo zifite umutekano cyane.Igihe cyose imiterere ihinduweho gato, iracyafite umutekano kumubiri wumuntu.Impamvu imwe, imbaraga zidahwitse zirashobora kandi kunyura mubipimo byinshi byumutekano, nka: Ultuvsaace.
Mubyukuri, intandaro yo kwangirika kwamashanyarazi adahwitse iterwa na voltage yiyongera kumpande zombi z'umurongo w'amashanyarazi.Birashobora kandi kuvugwa ko inkuba ikabije.Iyi voltage ni voltage nini ihita kumpande zombi zumurongo wa voltage AC, rimwe na rimwe ikagera kuri volt ibihumbi bitatu.Ariko igihe ni gito cyane kandi imbaraga zirakomeye cyane.Bizabaho mugihe inkuba, cyangwa kumurongo umwe wa AC, mugihe umutwaro munini uciwe, kuko inertia yubu nayo izabaho.Umuzunguruko wa BUCK umuzenguruko uzahita ugera kubisohoka, kwangiza impeta ihoraho yo gutahura, cyangwa kurushaho kwangiza chip, bigatuma 300V irengana, no gutwika itara ryose.Kubireba amashanyarazi arwanya ubukana, MOS izangirika.Ikintu ni ububiko, chip, na MOS tubes zirashya.Noneho amashanyarazi ya LED -driven ni mabi mugihe cyo kuyakoresha, kandi hejuru ya 80% nibi bintu bibiri bisa.Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi mato mato, niyo yaba adapteri yamashanyarazi, akenshi yangizwa niki kintu, giterwa numuvuduko wamashanyarazi, kandi mumashanyarazi ya LED, birasanzwe cyane.Ibi ni ukubera ko imitwaro iranga LED itinya cyane imiraba.Umuvuduko.
Ukurikije inyigisho rusange, ibice bike mumuzunguruko wa elegitoronike, niko birushaho kwizerwa, kandi niko ibice byinshi byizunguruka byizunguruka.Mubyukuri, imiyoboro idahwitse ntabwo iri munsi yumuzunguruko.Ni ukubera iki kwizunguruka kwizunguruka kwizerwa ari hejuru?Mubyukuri, ntabwo ari iyo kwizerwa, ariko umuzenguruko utari wenyine wunvikana cyane no kwiyongera, ubushobozi buke bwo kubuza, hamwe n’umuzunguruko, kubera ko ingufu zinjira muri transformateur mbere, hanyuma ikayijyana kuri LED umutwaro uva muri transformateur.Amafaranga azunguruka ni igice cyo kwinjiza amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye umutwaro wa LED.Kubwibyo, iyambere ifite amahirwe menshi yo kwangirika kwinshi muguhagarika no kwiyitirira, bityo rero ni nto.Mubyukuri, ikibazo cyo kutigunga biterwa ahanini nikibazo cyo kwiyongera.Kugeza ubu, iki kibazo nuko amatara ya LED yonyine ashobora kugaragara uhereye kubishoboka ko ashobora kuboneka mubishoboka.Kubwibyo, abantu benshi ntibasabye uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira.Abantu benshi ntibazi icyo voltage yumuriro aricyo, abantu benshi.Amatara ya LED yamenetse, kandi impamvu ntishobora kuboneka.Mu kurangiza, hari interuro imwe gusa.Ibyo aya mashanyarazi adahungabana kandi bizakemuka.Nihehe idasanzwe idahindagurika, ntabwo abizi.
Amashanyarazi adahwitse ni imikorere, naho icya kabiri nuko ikiguzi ari cyiza.
Imbaraga zo kutigunga zikwiranye nibihe: Mbere ya byose, ni amatara yo murugo.Ibidukikije byamashanyarazi murugo nibyiza kandi ingaruka zumuraba ni nto.Icya kabiri, igihe cyo gukoresha ni gito -voltage na bito bigezweho.Kudashyira mu gaciro ntabwo bisobanuye kumashanyarazi make-ya voltage, kuko imikorere yumuriro muto-wamashanyarazi nini nini ntabwo iri hejuru yo kwigunga, kandi ikiguzi kiri munsi ya byinshi.Icya gatatu, amashanyarazi adahwitse akoreshwa mubidukikije bihamye.Byumvikane ko, niba hari uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo guhagarika ubwiyongere, urwego rwo gusaba imbaraga zidafite imbaraga zizaguka cyane!
Kubera ikibazo cyimivumba, igipimo cyibyangiritse ntigikwiye gusuzugurwa.Mubisanzwe, ubwoko bwokugaruka gusanwa, kwangiza ubwishingizi, chip, hamwe na MOS yambere igomba gutekereza kukibazo cyumuraba.Kugirango ugabanye igipimo cy’ibyangiritse, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu byiyongera mugihe cyo gushushanya, cyangwa kureka abakoresha iyo bikoreshejwe, hanyuma ukagerageza kwirinda kwiyongera.(Nkamatara yo murugo, uzimye umwanya mugihe urwana)
Muri make, gukoresha kwigunga no kudatandukanya akenshi biterwa nikibazo cyo kuzamuka kwinshi, kandi ikibazo cyimivumba nibidukikije byamashanyarazi bifitanye isano rya bugufi.Kubwibyo, inshuro nyinshi gukoresha imbaraga zo kwigunga no gutanga amashanyarazi adashobora kwigabanywa umwe umwe.Ibiciro nibyiza cyane, birakenewe rero guhitamo kutigunga cyangwa kwigunga nka LED -gutanga amashanyarazi.
5. Incamake
Iyi ngingo irerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yukwigunga nimbaraga zo kutigunga, kimwe nibyiza nibibi byabo, ibihe byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, hamwe no guhitamo imbaraga zo kwigunga.Nizere ko injeniyeri zishobora gukoresha ibi nkibisobanuro mugushushanya ibicuruzwa.Kandi nyuma yibicuruzwa binaniwe, shyira vuba ikibazo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2023